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Habitat Niches

03 June 2010. Habitat.ppt. 2. Habitat. Type of environment in which a population or species regularly lives.Physical and biotic environmentVegetationForest, meadow, pasture, coniferous forest, etc.. 03 June 2010. Habitat.ppt. 3. Habitat. Habitats may be subdivided into layers or zonesMicrohabita

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Habitat Niches

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    1. 03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 1 Habitat & Niches

    2. 03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 2 Habitat Type of environment in which a population or species regularly lives. Physical and biotic environment Vegetation Forest, meadow, pasture, coniferous forest, etc.

    3. 03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 3 Habitat Habitats may be subdivided into layers or zones Microhabitats Forest canopy: leaves, branches Shrub layer: leaves, branches, trunks Herb layer: leaves, stems, mosses, ferns Litter: dead fallen leaves, logs, Varies in depth, quality Soil: topsoil, subsoil

    4. 03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 4 Niche Species/populations role in its community Dimensions of a niche: Habitat & microhabitat (space occupied) Food spectrum, essential nutrients Plants eaten &/or not eaten Reproductive requirements Nutrition, nest/den sites Seasonality: When are resources required, used.

    5. 03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 5 Niche Fundamental niche All resources that could be used in absence of competition.

    6. 03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 6 Niche Realized niche Resources actually used in presence of competitor(s).

    7. 03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 7 Niches Competitive exclusion When forced to compete, one species eliminates other(s)

    8. 03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 8 Niches Resource partitioning avoids competition; Realized niches divide resources (caterpillars) among several species of warblers.

    9. 03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 9 Niches Resource partitioning avoids competition; Realized niches divide resources (insects) among several species woodpeckers, nuthatches, & creepers. Each species evolved & adapted to specialized diet.

    10. Keystone Species Species in a community with vital role (niche) in community organization. Analogy to arch 03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 10

    11. Keystone Species Species with vital role in community organization. Sea otter on North Americas Pacific Coast 03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 11

    12. Keystone Species More examples: Sea stars on rocky shores Dominant plant species Lupines in mountain meadows Top carnivores Wolves in Yellowstone National park Sharks on coral reefs Invasive species may upset keystone Removal of sea otters, wolves, sharks Removal of nutrients Out-compete keystone 03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 12

    13. 03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 13 Niches Invasive species competitively exclude native species Imported fire ant Kudzu

    14. 03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 14 Niches Invasive species competitively exclude native species Purple loosestrife Zebra mussel

    15. 03 June 2010 Habitat.ppt 15 Niches Invasive species competitively exclude native species Sea lamprey

    16. Invasive species Kudzu Fire ant Zebra mussel Purple loosestrife Leafy spurge Asian long-horned beetle Emerald ash borer Japanese beetle African honeybee Tiger mosquito Brown snake Guam European starling House sparrow More, & more, & 03 June 2010 16 Habitat.ppt

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