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Introduction to TCP/IP and Internet Governance

Introduction to TCP/IP and Internet Governance. Sirak Kaewjamnong. What is TCP/IP. Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol TCP/IP refers to an entire suite of networking protocol, developed for use on the Internet. TCP and IP are certainly two of the most important.

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Introduction to TCP/IP and Internet Governance

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  1. Introduction to TCP/IPandInternet Governance Sirak Kaewjamnong

  2. What is TCP/IP • Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol • TCP/IP refers to an entire suite of networking protocol, developed for use on the Internet. • TCP and IP are certainly two of the most important.

  3. TCP/IPCharacteristics • TCP/IP provides the services necessary to interconnect computers and to interconnect networks, creating the Internet. • Independent from underlying network topology, physical network hardware, and OS. • Unique IP address • Universal connectivity through out the network

  4. TCP/IP Internetworking

  5. TCP/IP Networking Software • TCP/IP protocol suites define a set of universal communication service/ • Service can be implemented in standardized manner in the networking software, normally bundled in OS.

  6. TCP/IP and Internet • 1957 USSR Spunik , USA establish ARPA • 1969 ARPA funded ARPANET • 1971 Network with 15 nodes • 1973 Ethernet (Bob Metcalfe, Ph.D. Dissertation) • 1983 TCP/IP as a core protocol • 1983 BSD 4.2 (U. Berkeley ) with TCP/IP

  7. TCP/IP Implementations • 1983 4.2BSD: first widely available TCP/IP release • 1986 4.3BSD: performance improvements • 1988 4.3BSD Tahoe: add slow start, congestion avoidance and fast retransmit • 1990 4.3BSD Reno: add TCP header prediction. SLIP compression, new routing table • 1993 4.4BSD: add multicasting

  8. Internet Growth http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

  9. Internet • The world wide group of networks combined with TCP/IP • Who control Internet? • No single administrative organization • IETF determines standards • industry also preemptive control standards

  10. Internet Technical Bodies Structure • International, nonprofit organization • Promote research and other activities relating to the Internet ISOC Internet Society • Technical Advisor to the ISOC • Oversee the development of TCP/IP protocol Internet Architecture Board IAB Internet Engineering Task Force Internet Research Task Force IRSG IESG • A forum of working groups managed by Internet Engineering Steering Group • Develop of protocols and specifications for standardization • A forum of working groups managed by Internet Research Steering Group • Conduct long-term research WG WG WG WG IETF IRTF

  11. Internet Registries • IP addresses space, Autonomous System Numbers (ASN), reverse resolution • ARIN : North America • APNIC : Asia-Pacific • RIPE : Europe • AFRINIC : Africa • LACNIC : Latin American and Caribbean

  12. Internet Standard Process draft version for informal review and comment Internet Draft RFC official publication for Internet standard and other publications Proposed Standard entry-level, protocol specifications should be stable technically at least 2 independence and interoperable implementation that test all specification functions Standard track Draft Standard have had significant field use and clear community interest in production use. Internet Standard

  13. ICANN • Formed in October 1998 • Internationalization of Policy Functions for DNS and IP Addressing systems and Private Sector (Non-governmental) Management Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

  14. What does ICANN do? • Coordinates policies relating to the unique assignment of: • Top Level Domain Names (gTLDs, cTLDs) • IP Address • Protocol Port and Parameter Numbers • Coordinates the DNS Root Server System • through Root Server System Advisory Committee Source: Andrew McLaughlin

  15. Does ICANN regulate/govern? • ICANN coordinates. • What ICANN is NOT • Technical Standard-Setting Body • Internet Police Force • Consumer Protection Agency • Competition Authority • Legislature or Court Source: Andrew McLaughlin

  16. Situation Before ICANN Most Internet DNS and IP Address coordination functions performed by, or on behalf of, the US government • Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) • Information Sciences Institute (ISI) of University of Southern California • Stanford Research Institute (SRI) • National Science Foundation (NSF) • IBM, MCI, and Merit • AT&T, General Atomics, Network Solutions, Inc. • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) • US Department of Energy Source: Andrew McLaughlin

  17. IANA Jon Postel 1943-1998 Source: Andrew McLaughlin

  18. What are the IANA functions? • Protocol parameter assignments • Under March 1, 2000 IETF/IAB/ICANN Memorandum of Understanding • IP Address Allocations • DNS root zone file management Source: Andrew McLaughlin

  19. Need for Change • Globalization of Internet • Commercialization of Internet • Need for accountability • Need for more formalized management structure • Dissatisfaction with lack of competition • Trademark/domain name conflicts Source: Andrew McLaughlin

  20. Status of Transition from USG • 25 November, 1998 - ICANN recognized in MoU • June, 1999 - Cooperative agreement among ICANN, US Government, root server operators • 10 November, 1999 • ICANN and Network Solutions sign gTLD registry and registrar agreements • DoC transfers root authority over gTLDs to ICANN • 9 February, 2000 • Contract with US Government to complete transfer of IANA functions • Year 2000: • ccTLD registry agreements • RIR (Regional Internet Registries) agreements • LACNIC and AfriNIC Source: Andrew McLaughlin

  21. ICANN Structure ICANN Board of Directors [18 Directors + President and CEO] Domain Name Supporting Organization Protocol Supporting Organization At Large Membership Address Supporting Organization [3 Directors] [3 Directors] [3 Directors] [9 Directors] Business/Commercial APNIC IETF At Large Members Non-Commercial ARIN W3C ISPs RIPE NCC ITU-T ccTLD Registries ETSI gTLD Registries Registrars Trademark and IP Root Server System Advisory Committee Governmental Advisory Committee Membership Task Force Funding Task Force

  22. At Large Directors: Karl Auerbach (USA) Ivan Moura Campos (Brazil) Frank Fitzsimmons (USA) Masanobu Katoh (Japan) Hans Kraaijenbrink (Netherlands) Andy Mueller-Maguhn (Germany) Jun Murai (Japan) Nii Quaynor (Ghana) Linda S. Wilson (USA) ASO Directors: Rob Blokzijl (Netherlands) Lyman Chapin (USA) Sang-Hyon Kyong (South Korea) DNSO Directors: Amadeu Abril i Abril (Spain) Jonathan Cohen (Canada) Alejandro Pisanty (Mexico) PSO Directors: Helmut Schink (Germany) Vint Cerf (USA) - Chairman Phil Davidson (U.K.) ICANN President M. Stuart Lynn (USA) ICANN Board of Directors

  23. New gTLDs • .aero : aerospace • .biz : business • .coop : CoOp • .info : Information • .museum : museum under International Council of Museums • .name : individual • .pro : professionals

  24. Registry and Registrar • What is Registry? • The organization responsible for the actual administration and maintenance to a top-level domain • What is Registrar? • The organization responsible for the actual registration of the domain name

  25. Sample Registry/Registra Domain Registry Registrar .com, .net., .org Verisign Several accredited registrar .mil DDN NIC DDN NIC .edu EDUCAUSE EDUCAUSE .gov U.S. GSA U.S. GSA .int IANA IANA .jp JPRS JPRS .ca CIRA ~70 accredited registrar .th THNIC THNIC

  26. Payment Path ICANN Registry Registrant Registrar

  27. Redelegation Parties • A process to transfer domain administrative authority ICANN Old-Admin Government Agency New-Admin

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