HOME STYLES SINCE 1700

1. HOME STYLES SINCE 1700 CHAPTER 15 18TH, 19TH, AND 20TH CENTURY HOMES

2. 18TH CENTURY • IMMIGRANT STYLES • THE GEORGIAN PERIOD • GEORGIAN STYLE • THE FEDERAL PERIOD • ADAM STYLE • EARLY CLASSICAL REVIVAL STYLE

3. IMMIGRANT STYLES • IMMIGRANTS BROUGHT THEIR STYLE OF HOMES TO THE COLONIES THEY CREATED. THE MATERIALS USED AND STYLES BUILT WERE NATIVE TO THEIR HOMELANDS. CONTINUOUS

4. GEORGIAN STYLE • MAIN CHARACTERISTICS • FORMAL BALANCED DESIGN, OFTEN W/2-3 STORIES • GABLE OR HIP ROOF • LARGE, SYMMETRIC WINDOWS • DOORWAY DETAILS: HOME’S FOCAL POINT • PEDIMENT • PILASTERS • CORNICE • CENTRAL CHIMNEY OR CHIMNEY AT EACH END OF HOUSE • CONTRASTING MATERIALS • RED BRICK WITH WHITE WOOD TRIM 1700-1780

5. FEDERAL PERIODADAM STYLE • RECTANGULAR DESIGN WITH ONE OR MORE STORIES. • GABLE ROOFS WITH A DECORATIVE CORNICE • SYMMETRIC WINDOWS • A FANLIGHT IS OFTEN ABOVE THE DOOR OR IN THE PEDIMENT • DECORATIVE INTERIORS WITH LOTS OF PLASTER & WOOD CARVINGS • MANTLES AROUND FIREPLACES 1780-1820

6. FEDERAL PERIODEARLY CLASSICAL REVIVAL • THOMAS JEFFERSON (ARCHITECT & PRES.) • USED FOR MANY GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS • VERY SIMILAR TO ADAM STYLE • DISTINGUISHED BY THE PORTICO (TALL, OPEN PORCH SUPPORTED BY COLUMNS OVER THE FRONT ENTRANCE). • TOPPED BY A TRIANGULAR PEDIMENT 1770-1830

7. 19TH CENTURY • ROMANTIC REVIVAL PERIOD • GREEK REVIVAL STYLE • GOTHIC REVIVAL STYLE • ITALIANATE STYLE • VICTORIAN PERIOD • MANSARD STYLE • QUEEN ANNE STYLE

8. ROMANTIC REVIVAL PERIODGREEK REVIVAL STYLE • FEATURES LINKED TO TEMPLES OF ANCIENT GREECE • SOUTHERN PLANTATION STYLE: TWO STORY PORCH SUPPORTED BY COLUMNS • FEATURES: • TWO-STORY RECTANGLE W/SYMMETRIC WINDOWS • GABLE ROOF AND PILASTERS • ELABORATE ENTRANCE • COLUMNS SUPPORTING A SMALL OR LARGE PORCH 1825-1860

9. ROMANTIC REVIVAL PERIODGOTHIC REVIVAL STYLE • EUROPEAN FEATURES • POINTED ARCHES • CIRCULAR WINDOWS W/ORNAMENTAL CARVED STONE • MOST BUILT OF WOOD (STONE TOO EXPENSIVE) • HIGH-PEAKED GOTHIC GABLES DECORATED W/GINGERBREAD, LACY-LOOKING, CUT-OUT WOOD TRIM 1840-1880

10. ROMANTIC REVIVAL STYLEITALIANATE STYLE • ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES OF ITALIAN VILLAS OR ESTATES • OFTEN SQUARE AND TWO STORIES HIGH • WIDE, OVERHANGING HIP ROOFS W/DECORATIVE BRACKETS • LONG, NARROW WINDOWS WERE ARCHED AND CROWNED WITH AN INVERTED, U-SHAPED STRUCTURE 1840-1885

11. VICTORIAN PERIODMANSARD STYLE • FRENCH INFLUENCED • MOST NOTABLE FEATURE WAS THE BOXLIKE MANSARD ROOF, WHICH HAS TWO SLOPES ON ALL SIDES. • DECORATED CORNICES • FRENCH WINDOWS, THAT ARE LONG AND OPEN LENGTHWISE AT THE MIDDLE • DORMER WINDOWS FOR THE TOP STORY 1860-1880

12. VICTORIAN PERIODQUEEN ANNE STYLE • VERY FANCIFUL STYLE • IRREGULAR STEEP ROOF WITH ORNAMENTAL GABLES • OVERLAPPING DECORATIVE WOOD SHINGLES FOR SIDING • WRAPAROUND PORCHES WITH RAILINGS AND COLUMNS • MANY HAVE CIRCULAR TOWER THAT EXTENDS THE HEIGHT OF THE HOUSE • VARIETY OF DECORATIVE WOODWORK; LIKE SPINDLES, BRACKETS, AND CUT-OUTS • EXTERIROR USUALLY PAINTED SEVERAL DIFFERENT COLORS 1870-1890

13. EARLY 20TH CENTURY • PERIOD REVIVAL STYLES • COLONIAL REVIVAL STYLE • TUDOR STYLE • CHATEAUESQUE STYLE • MISSION STYLE • MODERN STYLES • PRAIRIE STYLE • CRAFTSMAN STYLE • INTERNATIONAL STYLE

14. PERIOD REVIVAL STYLESCOLONIAL REVIVAL STYLE • DUPLICATED HOUSE STYLES FROM THEIR OWN COUNTRY’S PAST (GEORGAIN, SALTBOX, AND CAPE COD) • FRONT DOOR IS PROMINENT, SOMETIMES INCLUDING A PEDIMENT • WINDOWS APPEAR IN SYMMETRICALLY BALANCED PAIRS, WITH DOUBLE HUNG SASHES • WOOD SHUTTERS • WOOD SIDING OR BRICK EXTERIOR 1880-1955

15. PERIOD REVIVAL STYLETUDOR STYLE • RESEMBLED EARLY ENGLISH COTTAGES • HALF-TIMBERED LOOK • STEEPLY PITCHED ROOFS • GABLES AT THE FRONT AND SIDES • TALL, NARROW WINDOWS USUALLY PLACED IN GROUPS W/MANY SMALL PANES • MASSIVE CHIMNEYS • STUCCO, BRICK AND STONE AMONG MOST USED EXTERIOR WALL SURFACES 1890-1940

16. PERIOD REVIVAL STYLESCHATEAUESQUE STYLE • MODELED AFTER FRENCH PALACES • FEATURED TOWERS AND/OR TURRETS • ORNAMENTAL METAL CRESTING • ELABORATE MOLDINGS • RELIEF CARVINGS • ARCHED WINDOWS AND DOORWAYS • FEATURES GAVE HOME A VERY GRAND LOOK (MANY FAMILIES COULDN’T AFFORD THE UPKEEP 1880-1910

17. PERIOD REVIVAL STYLEMISSION STYLE • INSPIRED BY THE MISSIONS OF CALIFORNIA • ARCHED DOORWAYS AND WINDOWS • TILED ROOFS OFTEN HIDDEN BY PARAPETS • EXTERIOR WALLS MADE OF STUCCO • BELL TOWERS AND TURRETS W/PYRAMID-SHAPED ROOFS ADDED CHARM TO THE TRADITIONAL SHAPES 1890-1920

18. MODERN STYLESPRAIRIE STYLE • ORIGINALLY DESIGNED BY FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT • EMPHASIS ON HORIZONTAL LINES • LOW-PITCHED ROOFS W/OVERHANGING EAVES • WIDE PORCHES • ROWS OF LEADED GLASS WINDOWS • INTERIOR ROOMS FLOWED INTO ONE ANOTHER, GIVING AN SPACIOUS FEEL • ROOMS CONNECTED TO OUTDOORS WHERE THERE WERE PORCHES, PATIOS AND/OR TERRACES 1900-1920

19. MODERN STYLESCRAFTSMAN STYLE • ORIGINATED IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA- STYLE DISTINGUISHED BY DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUNGALOW • SMALL, ONE-STORY HOUSE WITH AN OVERHANGING ROOF AND A COVERED PORCH • LOW-PITCHED GABLE ROOF (SOME HAVE HIP ROOFS) • DECORATIVE BEAMS OR BRACES UNDER THE EAVES • FULL OR PARTIAL-WIDTH PORCHES W/THE ROOF SUPPORTED BY COLUMNS OR PEDESTALS EXTENDING TO THE GROUND • 0NE-AND-A-HALF STORY VARIATION 1905-1930

20. MODERN STYLESINTERNATIONAL STYLE • ORIGINATED BY EUROPEAN ARCHITECTS WHO WERE EXPERIMENTING W/NEW MATERIALS & BUILDING METHODS • EMPHASIZE FUNCTION OR USEFULNESS • DECORATIVE AND ORNAMENTAL FEATURES ARE AVOIDED • GEOMETRIC SHAPES AND CLEAN LINES ARE EMPHASIZED • RESEMBLES A PIECE OF ART OR SCULPTURE • USUALLY A FLAT ROOF • EXTEROIR WALLS ARE SMOOTH, BLANK SURFACES AND LARGE EXPANSES OF WINDOWS 1925-PRESENT

21. MID 20TH CENTURYTO TODAY • POSTWAR MODERN STYLES • RANCH STYLE • CONTEMPORARY STYLE • SPLIT-LEVEL STYLE • SHED STYLE • UNIQUE DESIGNS • A- FRAME • GEODESIC DOME

22. POSTWAR MODERN STYLESRANCH STYLE • RANCH STYLE IS A LONG, LOW, ONE-STORY HOUSE BUILT TO RESEMBLE THE HOUSES BUILT BY THE EARLY SETTLERS OF THE WEST • LOW PITCHED GABLE OR HIP ROOF • DECORATIVE SHUTTERS AND PICTURE WINDOWS • SOME HAVE PARTIALLY ENCLOSED PATIOS OR COURTYARDS BASED ON THE SPANISH INFLUENCE • PRIVATE OUTDOOR LIVING AREAS ARE GENERALLY IN THE BACK OF THE HOUSE 1935-PRESENT

23. POSTWAR MODERN STYLESCONTEMPORARY STYLE • POPULAR AMONG ARCHITECTS DURING THE 50’S, 60’S, AND 70’S • WIDE EAVE OVERHANGS • FLAT OR LOW-PITCHED ROOFS W/LOW GABLES • EXPOSED SUPPORTING BEAMS • CONTRASTING WALL MATERIALS & TEXTURES • UNUSUAL PLACEMENT & SHAPES OF WINDOWS • MEANT TO BLEND IN WITH THE SURROUNDING LANDSCAPE 1950-1975

24. POSTWAR MODERN STYLESSPLIT-LEVEL STYLE • MODIFICATION OF RANCH STYLE • HAS AT LEAST TWO LEVELS OF LIVING SPACE, CONNECTED BY SHORT FLIGHTS OF STAIRS • SOME HAVE BASEMENTS, ADDING ANOTHER LEVEL • DESIGNED TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF SLOPING LOTS • PROVIDES SPACE OF A RANCH HOME WITHOUT REQUIRING AS LARGE A LOT • VERY POPULAR FOR ENTERTAINING PURPOSES 1950-PRESENT

25. POSTWAR MODERN STYLESSHED STYLE • GREW OUT OF TEACHINGS OF SEVERAL FAMOUS ARCHITECTS • COMBINATION OF STEEPLY PITCHED SHED ROOFS, EACH OF WHICH MAY SLOPE AT A DIFFERENT ANGLE AND FACE IN A DIFFERENT DIRECTION • LITTLE OR NO TRADITIONAL ORNAMENTATION • WOOD SHINGLE OR BOARD SIDING APPLIED VERTICALLY, DIAGONALLY, OR HORIZONTALLY • WINDOWS ARE SMALL AND PLACED ASYMMETRICALLY 1960’S-1970’S

26. UNIQUE STYLESA-FRAME • DESIGN IN WHICH THE GABLED ROOF CONTINUES TO GROUND LEVEL • ELIMINATES THE NEED FOR SEPARATE SIDE WALLS • USED MOSTLY FOR VACATION HOMES • EASE IN BUILDING AND BROAD RANGE OF MATERIALS THAT CAN BE USED TO CONSTRUCT ARE THE MAIN ADVANTAGES • ODD INTERIOR SPACES CREATED BY IT’S DESIGN ARE A DISADVANTAGE 1940-PRESENT

27. UNIQUE STYLESGEODESIC DOME • INVENTED BY ARCHITECT BUCKMINSTER FULLER • EFFICIENT HOME BUILT OF TRIANGULAR FRAMES THAT ARE JOINED TO FORM A SELF- SUPPORTING ROOF & WALLS • FRAME IS METAL OR PLASTIC • INTERIOR WALLS NOT NECESSARY • GREAT INTERIOR FLOOR PLAN FLEXIBILITY • LOW-COST, ENERGY-SAVING HOUSING • LESS BUILDING MATERIALS NEEDED • CONSIDERED VISUALLY UNAPPEALING TO MANY 1940-PRESENT