UKHO & use of CARIS LOTS

1. UKHO & use of CARIS LOTS

2. Development of CARIS LOTS • 1998 - LOTS project announced for a tool to define the continental shelf • Sept 98 - Met CARIS team during ABLOS conference • April 99 - First visit to CARIS project • Sept 99 - Purchased Licence, attended training and took v0 of software for testing • Jan 00 - v1 issued • May 00 - v2 issued

3. CARIS LOTS v0 • CARIS took an early input from LOS to broaden use of tool for all LOS activities • Testing proved the concept to be very sound • Many more improvements input by LOS to broaden use of application. • Some annoying bugs but already LOS was producing quick, accurate data

4. CARIS LOTS v1 • First release for general sale • Hurried out to meet marketing deadline • Some bugs remained but a sound product • Used for full scale marketing campaign and demonstrations to good effect • Many useful lessons on functionality learned

5. LOTS v2 • The current edition and fully functional • Improved methods for handling seismic data. • 2 min. grid predicted bathymetry included in database • World Vector Shoreline included in database.

6. Further developments from UKHO view • General modifications in hand to improve user friendliness • Facility to plot range and bearing from a point • Enhanced toolkit for automated derivation of FOS • CARIS accept LOS argument for inclusion of ARCS - to be available in v3 • Improvement to graphics package for publishing useful illustrations • Improved import / export facilities for data and maps • Development of database links to develop world model of boundaries, limits and median lines required for ENC • Development of proportional calculation for median lines

7. The CARIS data set

8. Provides a simple boarder

9. World Vector Shoreline

10. Contours at any density - [100m]

11. And a bathymetric raster image to interrogate

12. A similar process imports a raster image of sediment thickness

13. Other sources of coastline • Import a chart image • Digitise coastline manually within CARIS • Slow and tedious task • Digital model of coastline should be easier to generate.

14. Import line data • Established boundaries or digitised line detail • CARIS import wizard • Format suitable ASCII text file • Define datum and set up WGS transformation parameters • Read in x-y file

15. Working on Coastline model By isolating coastline sections

16. A median line is produced in 7 minutes • 7000 points on each coast examined • 174 points calculated on the median line • Each point a rigorous geodetic calculation • Would take a week to do by hand

17. Maritime Limits are just as easy • Isolate the coast • Automatically generate a limit from Anglesea to IOW in 5 minutes • By hand that requires use of 50 charts working at 4 or 5 a day

18. Generating Limits • Complex vector model of the coastline • Each turning point buffered individually • Generates an envelope of arcs • Uses spheroidal distances • Buffering a simple Loxodrome • Digitise end points • Fill line with additional points at any interval • Buffer line as a coastline model • Buffering a Geodesic Line • Digitise end points • LOTS calculates geodetic azimuth and in-fills with points at 1M intervals then buffers line as coastline.

19. Juridical Bays • Automatic testing • Pick coastline • Mark entrance points • Length of closing line and area enclosed checked against UNCLOS • Line can be adjusted to maximise allowed closure • Finished closing line added to baseline model

20. New data can be imported • 2.7 million soundings from NW edge of continental shelf • Read into CARIS, contoured at 100m and rasterised for analysis in about 40 minutes

21. Analyse data by digitising any line on raster image

22. And looking at the interpreted profile produced by CARIS

23. Profile shows: • Bottom profile across the foot of the continental slope • 2nd derivative of gradient for choosing the allowed foot of slope • A marker placed here and copied onto the main chart, maps the foot of the slope line

24. Successive depth profiles • Generate points on the foot of slope • Join points into a line • Buffer the line 60M to seaward • Generates one of the CS outer claim lines

25. Similar interrogation of sediment x • Shows sediment thickness against distance from foot of slope • Calculates points where the 1% rule applies • Places marks on the Chart [choosing seaward point] • Joins marks to produce the 1% sediment claim line

26. Single line seismic data • Single lines of sediment thickness can be imported • Whole line can be tested against successive FOS markers • Produces all points on line which meet 1% criteria to map Gardiner Line

27. To complete a Continental Shelf claim • Buffer coastline model to 350 miles for 1st cut off • Buffer 2500m contour 100M seaward for 2nd cut off • Select 2 claim lines and 2 cut off lines • CARIS automatically combines claim lines & cut off lines to derive maximum allowed claim • User picks optimum points for outer claim up to 60M apart • All saved profiles and line data is available to document claim

28. Consultancy Opportunities • A desk-top study can be built on the CARIS data sets to achieve an approximate CS claim line in 2 days • Accurate bathymetry and sediment data can be imported at any time to refine model • CARIS model can be used to plan data gathering and monitor progress • Raster chart images can be imported to generate accurate baseline model for limits and boundary calculations • Coastline on non raster charts can be digitised and imported as an ASCII text file • Any line or point can be constructed • Area and distance calculations are automated

29. ENC • Digital Charts and additional layers on Raster Charts require definition of areas with common values • CARIS will generate all maritime regime data needed for these layers • At present, like many, UKHO only maintains limits and boundaries on a very small number of charts. • Maritime regime data will be required for all published ENC and will require significant work to develop and maintain databases defining regimes. • CARIS already provides applications to produce ENC, LOTS will work directly to this package. • CARIS should consider building a database to manage LOS layers

30. Biased Median Line Calculations • GIS allows consideration of re-iterative method to generate biased “median line” solutions. • Equi-ratio method will use pairs of buffered lines with fixed ratio to buffer distances. • Re-iterative buffer to cover whole area • Map buffer intersection points and derive weighted line • Equi-area method more awkward • Define relevant coastal lengths • Buffer 1 coast by a fixed amount and the other by a calculated amount to enclose the same area • Map intersection points

32. Summary • UKHO is very satisfied that CARIS will produce an accurate solution to any problem faced by LOS. • LOTS has enabled new work to be undertaken and very significant savings in time. • In conjunction with a good illustration package, LOTS will generate a quick, accurate and professional illustration of any aspect of LOS work • CARIS remain keen to continue development of LOTS to improve usability and the scope of problems it can address • Weak areas are • Generation of baseline model from RASTER / Paper images • Import and export of data • Lack of ability to build integrated database