1. IED Time Synchronization John Levine, P.E. Levine Lectronics and Lectric

2. Why do we need to synchronize our relays? Relays at all three locations tripped. All three had different times. Are these events related???

3. Definitions

4. GPS • GPS Satellite Navigation System uses precise time measurements to measure the distance between a receiver and satellites • GPS satellites use atomic clocks for accuracy • GPS satellites are the source of timing signals for clock applications • ±100 nanosecond accuracy • GPS time is not UTC time • UTC time adds leap seconds, GPS does not • GPS time is 16 seconds ahead of UTC

5. NTP / SNTP • Network time protocol (NTP) networking protocol for clock synchronization between devices operating over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. • Calculates round trip delay • Doesn’t accurately cover switch delays, network traffic, reconfigurations • Benefits to NTP • Uses SCADA Ethernet network • Good enough for SOE • Detriments to NTP • Accuracy in the ms range • Not sufficient for synchrophasors

6. IRIG-B • IRIG Formats developed by U.S. Military • IRIG-B is 1 specific format used in utility and industrial applications • IRIG-B is an analog signal • Uses voltage pulses on copper wire • Pulses indicate time from fractions of second from midnight, date from January 1st • Benefits of IRIG-B • Proven • Sub- μs accuracy • Detriments of IRIG-B • Number of devices, distance limited by voltage drop • Redundancy difficult • Requires careful wiring design • Must have an antenna for each clock location

7. IEEE 1588 • IEEE Std. 1588 - 2008 IEEE Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems. • a.k.a. “PTP” or “Precision Time Protocol” • Message based protocol for packet based networks • Nano-second accuracy possible • Uses TAI time

8. Challenges to network time synch

9. How 1588 works (peer-to-peer)C37.238 • Message based synchronization to measure peer delays • Best Master Clock (BMC) algorithm determines the best Master to use • BMC runs continuously for network changes • Synchronize through message transactions by measuring peer-to-peer delays between devices • Each Peer measures delay between devices using Pdelay_Req and Pdelay_Resp • Switches measure queuing delay internally • Calculations are between devices

10. IEEE 1588 architecture (peer-to-peer)

11. Modern Time Synchronization by GE Add 1588 capabilities for future expansion while supporting in-service IRIG-B devices

12. Redundant clocks for reliability • All devices have clocks • All 1588 clocks run BMC • Will choose best clock source based on BMC algorithm, switch configuration • Clock in individual devices will choose the second clock if the first clock is unavailable. • Redundancy for critical applications like wide area control through synchrophasors, process bus

13. MultiSync 100 Overview

14. MultiSync 100 1588 GPS Clock • Time synchronization Inputs: • GPS antenna (BNC port), • 1588 over network (the RJ-45 port) • Time synchronization outputs: • 1 RJ-45 Ethernet port • 1588 and NTP/SNTP simultaneously • 1588 or 1588/C37.238 • 2 TTL ports (BNC connectors) • IRIG-B (DC Shift), with IEEE 1344 extensions • Multiple other analog time synch profiles

15. Protocols Supported • IRIG-B (Un-modulated, DCLS - C37.118) • DC level shift un-modulated • IEEE 1344 extension (C37.118) • Modified Manchester • User defined pulses • NTP/ SNTP (IEC 61850) • IEEE 1588-2008 • (Supports Power Profile - C37.238-2011) • DCF77 • SNMP v1, v2c & v3

16. Clock capabilities • Time: • Support for UTC time, local time settings, DST settings • Configurable Alarms

17. MultiSync 100 hardware • Compact size • DIN-rail mount • Universal power supply • (36 – 300V DC) • IP30 Ingress • IPC 610 Class 3 boards

18. MultiSync 100 Hardware – cont.

19. Configured in Software

20. Security • Password protection • User authentication • Data encryption • RBAC • User groups

21. Where the MultiSync 100 fits