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Understanding Athleticism and Muscular Christianity: Values of the 19th Century

Athleticism emerged in the mid-19th century as a blend of physical endeavor and moral integrity, paralleling the concepts of Muscular Christianity, amateurism, and Olympism. This movement emphasized participation over winning, highlighting virtues like sportsmanship, teamwork, and leadership. Influenced by upper and middle-class values, it aimed to foster health, fitness, and a robust character in a changing society. Muscular Christianity, initiated by Charles Kingsley, advocated for a union of evangelical ideals with physical strength, promoting the idea that a healthy body supports spiritual well-being.

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Understanding Athleticism and Muscular Christianity: Values of the 19th Century

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  1. Public Schools 3 What is Athleticism? What is Muscular Christianity?

  2. Athleticism Athleticism • Cult of Athleticism emerged from the middle of the 19th century. • Combination of playing hard (Physical endeavour) and sportsmanship (Moral integrity) • The movement ran parallel to Muscular Christianity, amateurism and olympism. • All concepts embraced the physical and moral benefits of participation in rationalised games • This reflected the values of the upper and middle class in the 19th century and is viewed as the legacy of British sport • Continue to play down importance of winning and focus on the way in which you take part Physical Endeavour • Appreciation of health and fitness • Toughen up an indulgent society • Competitive in a competitive society • Counter the tendency to over study • Moral Integrity • Sportsmanship • Teamwork • Honour/loyalty • Leadership and discipline

  3. Muscular Christianity Muscular Christianity Initiated by Charles Kingsley • Evangelical movement combining Christianity and the chivalric ideals of ‘manliness’ • Believed that a healthy body and a healthy mind are needed to fully serve god • Muscular Christians only supported rational activities, those governed by rules and codes of behaviour

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