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Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table. Online Periodic Tables. If you need to use a periodic table while at home, try these: http://www.chemicool.com/ http://periodic.lanl.gov/default.htm NC DPI (official one for Science EOG):

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Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

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  1. Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table

  2. Online Periodic Tables • If you need to use a periodic table while at home, try these: • http://www.chemicool.com/ • http://periodic.lanl.gov/default.htm NC DPI (official one for Science EOG): • http://www.ncpublicschools.org/docs/accountability/testing/eog/science/2009grade8periodic.pdf

  3. PART 1: ATOMS • What are atoms made of? NUCLEUS – center of the atom PROTON (+) NEUTRON (0) ELECTRON (-) – surrounds the atom in a cloud.

  4. An Atom – DON’T DRAW THIS ONE NUCLEUS ELECTRONS PROTON NEUTRON

  5. An Atom – DRAW THIS ONE

  6. PROTONS • Positively charged particle • Found in nucleus of an atom • Same as the atomic # • Tells what kind of atom it is, the specific element. For example – hydrogen, oxygen, sodium, gold

  7. NEUTRONS • Neutrally charged particle (no charge) • Found in nucleus of an atom • Tells what version (isotope) of the element it is

  8. ELECTRONS • Negatively charged particle • Found outside of the nucleus • They surround the nucleus in a cloud because we don’t know exactly where they are at any given time • Much smaller than protons and neutrons • Usually equal to the protons

  9. Most of the atom is taken up by the space between the nucleus and the electrons.

  10. ELEMENTS • ELEMENT = A specific kind of atom. Determined by the number of protons (atomic #) ATOM = generic (car) ELEMENT = specific (Porsche 911 or Ford Edge etc) • Every atom of an element has the same number of protons. For example – every Lithium atom always has 3 protons

  11. ATOMIC NUMBER = the number of protons in an atom. This tells you what kind of element it is. • ISOTOPE = Atoms with the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons. • MASS NUMBER = The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom. This is how you identify the isotopes. • ATOMIC MASS = the average mass of all the isotopes of an element

  12. DIFFERENT ISOTOPES OF CARBON

  13. Dmitri Mendeleev was the first person to organize the elements. He made the first periodic table. • He organized it in order of increasing atomic mass. We don’t do it this way any more. • CHEMICAL SYMBOL = a short way of telling what the chemical is. It’s usually 1 or 2 letters. EXAMPLES: Barium = Ba Tungsten = W

  14. 1 2 3 mass mass mass + + 3 • ATOMIC MASS = the average mass of an element. This includes all the isotopes of that element.

  15. The elements in today’s Periodic Table are arranged by their atomic number. • A PERIOD = a horizontal row in the periodic table. There are 7 of them. • Elements in a period change from left to right according to a pattern. There is a trend that the elements follow.

  16. PERIOD – HORIZONTAL

  17. A GROUP = A vertical column on the periodic table. Also called a FAMILY. There are 18 of them. • Elements in a group all have similar characteristics. Groups are often named for the top element in the column. EXAMPLE: Carbon group Nitrogen family

  18. GROUP or FAMILY – VERTICAL

  19. 12 Mg Magnesium 24.305 ATOMIC NUMBER CHEMICAL SYMBOL CHEMICAL NAME ATOMIC MASS

  20. # of Protons = # of Electrons = # of Neutrons = Atomic Number = Mass # = Element Name = Group # Period #

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