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The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System. 10. Which of the following regulates hormone secretion at the highest level of endocrine control?. anterior lobe of pituitary gland posterior lobe of pituitary gland adrenal medullae hypothalamus.

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The Endocrine System

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  1. The Endocrine System 10

  2. Which of the following regulates hormone secretion at the highest level of endocrine control? • anterior lobe of pituitary gland • posterior lobe of pituitary gland • adrenal medullae • hypothalamus

  3. Which of the following regulates hormone secretion at the highest level of endocrine control? • anterior lobe of pituitary gland • posterior lobe of pituitary gland • adrenal medullae • hypothalamus

  4. Oxytocin and prolactin are examples of which hormone type? • amino acid derivatives • steroid hormones • eicosanoids • peptide hormones

  5. Oxytocin and prolactin are examples of which hormone type? • amino acid derivatives • steroid hormones • eicosanoids • peptide hormones

  6. All of the following bind to receptors on a target cell's plasma membrane. Which have receptors on the membrane's inner surface? • epinephrine • norepinephrine • eicosanoids • peptide hormones

  7. All of the following bind to receptors on a target cell's plasma membrane. Which have receptors on the membrane's inner surface? • epinephrine • norepinephrine • eicosanoids • peptide hormones

  8. Which of the following hormones cross the cell membrane before binding to intracellular receptors in the cytoplasm, nucleus, or mitochondria? • ADH and oxytocin • steroid and thyroid hormones • growth hormones and melatonin • epinephrine and norepinephrine

  9. Which of the following hormones cross the cell membrane before binding to intracellular receptors in the cytoplasm, nucleus, or mitochondria? • ADH and oxytocin • steroid and thyroid hormones • growth hormones and melatonin • epinephrine and norepinephrine

  10. Which of the following are examples of common second messengers? • cAMP, cGMP, and calcium ions • magnesium ions and calcium ions • cAMP, chloride ions, and magnesium ions • cGMP, cAMP, and chloride ions

  11. Which of the following are examples of common second messengers? • cAMP, cGMP, and calcium ions • magnesium ions and calcium ions • cAMP, chloride ions, and magnesium ions • cGMP, cAMP, and chloride ions

  12. Which of the following hormones is released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? • follicle-stimulating hormone • luteinizing hormone • adrenocorticotropic hormone • antidiuretic hormone

  13. Which of the following hormones is released from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland? • follicle-stimulating hormone • luteinizing hormone • adrenocorticotropic hormone • antidiuretic hormone

  14. What pituitary hormone targets the interstitial cells of the testes, resulting in testosterone secretion? • follicle-stimulating hormone • luteinizing hormone • oxytocin • growth hormone

  15. What pituitary hormone targets the interstitial cells of the testes, resulting in testosterone secretion? • follicle-stimulating hormone • luteinizing hormone • oxytocin • growth hormone

  16. What thyroid hormone molecule, derived from the amino acid tyrosine, has four atoms of iodine attached? • triiodothyronine • calcitonin • thyroxine • PTH

  17. What thyroid hormone molecule, derived from the amino acid tyrosine, has four atoms of iodine attached? • triiodothyronine • calcitonin • thyroxine • PTH

  18. Which of the following is true when the calcium ion concentration of the blood rises above normal? • Parafollicular cells release calcitonin. • Follicular epithelial cells release T3. • C cells release thyroxine. • Follicular epithelial cells release T4.

  19. Which of the following is true when the calcium ion concentration of the blood rises above normal? • Parafollicular cells release calcitonin. • Follicular epithelial cells release T3. • C cells release thyroxine. • Follicular epithelial cells release T4.

  20. Why are almost all of the released thyroid hormones unavailable? • They are quickly metabolized in the bloodstream. • The amino acid tyrosine is difficult to manufacture in the body. • The cuboidal epithelia of the follicular cells are often inactive. • They become attached to plasma proteins in the bloodstream.

  21. Why are almost all of the released thyroid hormones unavailable? • They are quickly metabolized in the bloodstream. • The amino acid tyrosine is difficult to manufacture in the body. • The cuboidal epithelia of the follicular cells are often inactive. • They become attached to plasma proteins in the bloodstream.

  22. Following epinephrine and norepinephrine release, the metabolic changes peak how long after adrenal stimulation? • 1 minute • 10 minutes • 30 seconds • 500 milliseconds

  23. Following epinephrine and norepinephrine release, the metabolic changes peak how long after adrenal stimulation? • 1 minute • 10 minutes • 30 seconds • 500 milliseconds

  24. Which of the following is an effect of parathyroid hormone? • decreased calcium concentration in body fluids • increased energy utilization, growth, and development • increased calcium concentration in body fluids • release of amino acids from skeletal muscles and lipids from adipose

  25. Which of the following is an effect of parathyroid hormone? • decreased calcium concentration in body fluids • increased energy utilization, growth, and development • increased calcium concentration in body fluids • release of amino acids from skeletal muscles and lipids from adipose

  26. Kidneys are the primary target for which of the following hormones? • mineralocorticoids • androgens • epinephrine and norepinephrine • glucocorticoids

  27. Kidneys are the primary target for which of the following hormones? • mineralocorticoids • androgens • epinephrine and norepinephrine • glucocorticoids

  28. Which of the following hormones have anti-inflammatory effects? • epinephrine and norepinephrine • glucocorticoids • androgens • mineralocorticoids

  29. Which of the following hormones have anti-inflammatory effects? • epinephrine and norepinephrine • glucocorticoids • androgens • mineralocorticoids

  30. Aldosterone secretion occurs in response to which of the following? • a rise in blood potassium levels • an increase in blood sodium content • an increase in blood pressure • a drop in blood potassium content

  31. Aldosterone secretion occurs in response to which of the following? • a rise in blood potassium levels • an increase in blood sodium content • an increase in blood pressure • a drop in blood potassium content

  32. Soon after a meal, increasing blood glucose levels result in secretion of ________ by ________ cells of the pancreas. • insulin; beta • glucagon; alpha • melatonin; beta • glucagon; beta

  33. Soon after a meal, increasing blood glucose levels result in secretion of ________ by ________ cells of the pancreas. • insulin; beta • glucagon; alpha • melatonin; beta • glucagon; beta

  34. Which of the following hormones may protect CNS neurons from free radicals, such as nitric oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)? • melatonin • insulin • melanin • glucagon

  35. Which of the following hormones may protect CNS neurons from free radicals, such as nitric oxide (NO) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)? • melatonin • insulin • melanin • glucagon

  36. Which of the following groups of cells do not have insulin receptors in their plasma membranes? • epithelial cells of intestine and smooth muscle cells • neurons and red blood cells • epithelial cells of kidney tubules and the stratum spinosum of the epidermis • white blood cells and epithelial cells of the intestinal lining

  37. Which of the following groups of cells do not have insulin receptors in their plasma membranes? • epithelial cells of intestine and smooth muscle cells • neurons and red blood cells • epithelial cells of kidney tubules and the stratum spinosum of the epidermis • white blood cells and epithelial cells of the intestinal lining

  38. Increased synthesis and release of glucose from the liver are a result of the activation of which cells/organs? • beta cells of the pancreas • pineal gland • alpha cells of the pancreas • C cells of the pancreas

  39. Increased synthesis and release of glucose from the liver are a result of the activation of which cells/organs? • beta cells of the pancreas • pineal gland • alpha cells of the pancreas • C cells of the pancreas

  40. Which of the following is a result of pancreatic beta cell activation? • increased breakdown of glycogen to glucose in liver and skeletal muscle • increased amino acid absorption and protein synthesis • increased breakdown of fats to fatty acids in adipose tissue • decreased rate of glucose utilization and ATP generation

  41. Which of the following is a result of pancreatic beta cell activation? • increased breakdown of glycogen to glucose in liver and skeletal muscle • increased amino acid absorption and protein synthesis • increased breakdown of fats to fatty acids in adipose tissue • decreased rate of glucose utilization and ATP generation

  42. Hormones that produce different but complementary results in a given tissue or organs are said to have ________ effects. • permissive • synergistic • antagonistic • integrative

  43. Hormones that produce different but complementary results in a given tissue or organs are said to have ________ effects. • permissive • synergistic • antagonistic • integrative

  44. Glucocorticoids are the dominant hormones of which phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? • exhaustion phase • stress phase • resistance phase • alarm phase

  45. Glucocorticoids are the dominant hormones of which phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)? • exhaustion phase • stress phase • resistance phase • alarm phase

  46. In elderly individuals, which of the following hormones are secreted in less quantity after a carbohydrate-rich meal? • glucagon and growth hormone • growth hormone and insulin • glucagon and mineralocorticoids • prolactin and insulin

  47. In elderly individuals, which of the following hormones are secreted in less quantity after a carbohydrate-rich meal? • glucagon and growth hormone • growth hormone and insulin • glucagon and mineralocorticoids • prolactin and insulin

  48. Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the kidneys? • aldosterone • calcitriol • renin • erythropoietin

  49. Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the kidneys? • aldosterone • calcitriol • renin • erythropoietin

  50. A 47-year-old patient develops a tumor of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, causing hypersecretion of ACTH. If not treated, what disorder is most likely to result? • acromegaly • cretinism • Cushing's disease • gigantism

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