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Quality Assessment of Xtend Model Transformations

Quality Assessment of Xtend Model Transformations. Phu H. Nguyen, h.p.nguyen@student.tue.nl Supervisor: Prof. dr. Mark van den Brand Tutor: Ir. Marcel van Amstel. Agenda. Introduction Project goal Overview of Xtend model transformations Metrics

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Quality Assessment of Xtend Model Transformations

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  1. Quality Assessment ofXtend Model Transformations Phu H. Nguyen, h.p.nguyen@student.tue.nl Supervisor: Prof. dr. Mark van den Brand Tutor: Ir. Marcel van Amstel

  2. Agenda Introduction Project goal Overview of Xtend model transformations Metrics How to extract data from Xtend model transformations Tools Case studies Conclusions / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science

  3. Introduction • Model Driven Software Development (MDSD): the next level of software development • High level design models at the heart of the development process • Software development automation • Benefits : Productivity, agility, reliability • MDSD world: • Domain-specific languages (DSL) • Model transformations M2M (Model-to-Model) • Model transformations M2T (Model-to-Text) / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 2

  4. How MDSD works

  5. M2M : Transform models to models ATL - the Atlas Transformation Language QVT (Operational) - An implementation of OMG’s spec. Xtend – openArchitechtureWare (oAW) ’s transformation language (also used for other tasks within oAW) / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 4

  6. Model transformations M2M • Is there a methodology for developing model transformations with high quality? • Need of assessing the quality of model transformations • Quality assessment of model transformations: • ASF+SDF: enabled • ATL: enabled • QVT: ? • Xtend: ? / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 5

  7. Project goal The main goal is to enable quality assessment for Xtend model transformations by means of metrics. Approach: assessing the internal quality of model transformations by extracting metrics from the model transformations directly. / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 6

  8. Sub-goals • Four sub-goals: • Discover the details behind Xtend model transformations. • Establish a metrics suite enables quality measurement of Xtend model transformations. • Develop a tool that enables automatic calculation of those metrics. • Perform case studies to validate the results. / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 7

  9. oAW & Xtend model transformations An integrated, tested, one-stop toolkit for MDSD oAW essentially makes it possible to process code generators for any type of model. Any type of source code can be generated from the model sources. / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science

  10. Features of oAW • The most important features of oAW include: • support of various modeling tools • support of EMF (Eclipse Modeling Framework) • model-to-model transformations • model-to-code-transformations • eclipse integration • Migrated to Eclipse: • http://www.eclipse.org/workinggroups/oaw/ • Xpand/Xtend/Check / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 9

  11. oAW components Metamodel definition: EMF, UML model Graphical model editor: Eclipse GMF Textual model editor: Xtext Model transformation: Xtend Model validation: Check Code generation: Xpand Metamodel extension: Xtext / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 10

  12. Xtend model transformations in oAW

  13. Xtend • OCL-like expression language used throughout oAW • Can be used in constraint checks, model transformations and generators • Add “methods” to meta types (Java calls are possible if necessary) • path expressions, set operations, (some) higher order functions • Polymorphism (multiple dispatch) • Tool support(syntax highlighting, code completion, debugger)

  14. Xtend model transformations… … are defined in extension files (*.ext): • Import statements • Import name spaces (meta-models) • Import (reexport) built-in libraries or another extend files • Create extensions • Expression extensions • Java extensions / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 13

  15. Xtend model transformations Xtend has some special support for M2M transformations • Create-Extensions are used to create a new instance • A new element is created only once for the same set of parameters • Cached Extension can be used for perfomence improvements • The same value is returned each time the extension is called with the same set of parameters • Several utility extensions (built-in libraries) for naming, tracing, debugging, cloning, … / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 14

  16. Book → Publication • Rules to transform a Book model to a Publication model: • Each Book instance → a Publication instance • The title of a Book → the title of a Publication • The total number of pages of a Publication is the sum of the pages of the Chapters of a Book. / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 15

  17. Book → Publication / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 16

  18. Book → Publication: Extension File / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 17

  19. Metrics for Xtend model transformations • A set of metrics has been proposed for enabling quality assessment of Xtend model transformations • These metrics are specific for Xtend • Metric categories: • Extension metrics • Dependency metrics • Other metrics • Two types of metric: • Metrics that are measured over the entire transformation • Metrics that are measured on a smaller scale (per extension file, per extension… / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 18

  20. Metrics for Xtend model transformations Extension metrics • # Extensions • # Create/Expression/Java Extensions • # Private/Public/Cached Extensions • # Extensions per Extension File • # Extensions with Parameter • # Overloaded Extensions • # Parameters per Extension • # Unused Parameters per Extension • Cyclomatic Complexity per Extension • … / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 19

  21. Metrics for Xtend model transformations Dependency metrics • # Imported Standard Libraries per Extension File • # Imported Extension Files per Extension File • # Calls to Extensions in Standard Libraries per Extension • # Extension Calls per Extension • # Internal Extension Calls per Extension • # External Extension Calls per Extension • # Usages per Extension • … / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 20

  22. Metrics for Xtend model transformations Other metrics • # Extension Files • # Imported Namespaces (Metamodels) per Extension File • # Arounds • # Checks / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 21

  23. How the XtendParser works The XtendParser constructs an Abstract Syntax Tree while parsing an Xtend file. The transformation functions after parsing *.ext files are represented as an in-memory model consisting of POJO’s (Plain Old Java Objects). The basic type is org.eclipse.internal.xtend.expression.ast.SyntaxElement / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 22

  24. Xtend AST

  25. Metric Extractor Tools • Design requirements • Input: Extension files • Output: Metrics • New metrics can be defined easily • It is possible to quickly implement the calculation of a new metric

  26. Metric Extractor Tools • In order to calculate the metrics, we need to extract data from the Xtend AST(s) to store in a well defined data model • “data” means all elements of Xtend model transformations • A well defined data model = data can be stored easily and metrics can be calculated easily.

  27. Metric Extractor Tools • Which data model? • Relational data model: No • Java Objects • Store data easily: The Xtend AST consists of Java Objects • Easily implementing metrics calculation in Java • XML • Store data of the Xtend AST in XML • Easily calculating metrics by using Xpath, Xquery

  28. Metric Extractor Tool 1 – M2M QA • Data model = Java Objects

  29. Class diagram of Java objects

  30. Class diagram of Data Extractor

  31. Simple Metrics

  32. Aggregate Metrics

  33. GUI for M2M QA Implement GUI, as a jar file Implement as an Eclipse plugin / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 32

  34. Metric Extractor Tool 2 • Data model = XML • Native XML database eXist • XPath and XQuery are used for querying the XML data • GUI: A web application • Java, JavaBeans, JSP/Servlet and Java Server Faces. • Apache HTTP server Apache Tomcat 7.0. / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 33

  35. Metric Extractor Tool 2

  36. DTD <!ELEMENTxtendPrj (extendFile*)> <!ATTLISTxtendPrj prjName CDATA#REQUIRED> <!ATTLISTxtendPrj prjDir CDATA#REQUIRED> <!ATTLISTxtendPrj rootExtFile CDATA#REQUIRED> <!ELEMENTextendFile (importedNamespaces|importedExtFiles|extensions|arounds|checks)*> <!ATTLISTextendFile extFileName CDATA#REQUIRED> <!ELEMENT importedNamespaces (namespace*)> <!ELEMENT namespace(#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT importedExtFiles (extFileName*)> <!ELEMENT extFileName(#PCDATA)> <!ATTLIST extFileName reexported CDATA#REQUIRED> <!ELEMENT extensions (extension*)> <!ELEMENT extension (extName|qualifiedName|parameters|returnType|extBody)*> / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 35

  37. XML <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE xtendPrj SYSTEM "xtendPrj.dtd"> <xtendPrj prjName="" prjDir="../my.slco.project/src/" rootExtFile="../my.slco.project/src/slco2nqx/Bi2Uni.ext"> <extendFile extFileName="../my.slco.project/src/slco2nqx/Bi2Uni.ext"> <importedNamespaces> <namespace>slco</namespace> <namespace>channels</namespace> </importedNamespaces> <importedExtFiles> / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 36

  38. Xpath, XQuery # Extensions per Extension File: This metric counts the number of extensions per extension file. element { "result" } { for $extFile in doc("xtendM2M/Bi2Uni.xml")//extendFile return element { "extCountPerExtFile" } { count(for $ext in $extFile//extension return $ext) } / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 37

  39. M2M QA Web Application Upload (zipped) extend files of an Xtend project Browse data Metrics calculation Search Download reports / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 38

  40. M2M QA Web Application / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 39

  41. Summary A set of metrics has been established to enabling quality assessment of Xtend model transformations Extension file(s) are parsed by the XtendParser to get the corresponding AST(s) 2 types of data model => 2 tools All the metrics can be automatically calculated by these two tools The results extracted from both tools are the same / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 40

  42. The end. / Department of Mathematics and Computer Science 1-9-2010 PAGE 41

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