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Essential Elements in Plant Chemistry: Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen and More

Understanding the fundamental elements and compounds that support plant life is crucial in the study of basic chemistry. Key elements include Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Magnesium, Iron, and Calcium. Water, a vital molecule covering ¾ of Earth's surface, serves as the medium for nutrient transport. Organic compounds like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids form the building blocks of plant structure and function. This guide explores the roles of these elements and compounds in maintaining plant health and energy. **Relevant

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Essential Elements in Plant Chemistry: Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen and More

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Basic Chemistry

  2. Protons/Neutrons/Electrons Atom Element Molecule

  3. Common Elements in Plants Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Magnesium Iron Calcium

  4. Inorganic Compounds • Water • Covers ¾ of Earth’s Surface • All life-forms contain it • Carries dissolved nutrients • Nonpolar molecule • Cohesion • Water “sticks” to other water molecules • Adhesion • Water “sticks” to other materials

  5. Acids • pH of 0-6 • Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) • Citrus Fruits are mostly acidic • Acid Rain

  6. Bases • pH of 8-14 • Sodium Hydroxide • Most household cleaners

  7. Organic Compounds • Foundation of plant structure • Four groups: • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  8. Carbohydrates • Fuel molecules for plants • Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Three types: • Monosaccharides • Disaccharides • Polysaccharides

  9. Monosaccharides • “simple sugars” • Glucose: • commonly called blood sugar • Form of sugar that is transported in bloodstream • Fructose • Commonly called fruit sugar • Found in fruits • Sweeter than glucose

  10. Disaccharides • Sucrose • Common table sugar • Found in sugarcane • Form of sugar transported in plant’s vascular system

  11. Polysaccharides • Starch • Main storage carbohydrates in plants • How plants build up their energy reserves • Potatoes, corn, rice • Cellulose • Most abundant carbohydrate on Earth

  12. Lipids • Greasy/Oily consistency • Do not dissolve in water • Waterproof covering for plants

  13. Fats vs. Oils • Fat is solid at room temperature • Generally saturated fatty acids • Produced by animals • Butter and Lard • Oil is liquid at room temperature • Unsaturated fatty acids • Produced by plants • Peanut oil, soybean oil, olive oil

  14. Phospholipids • Form cell membrane • Help things enter/leave cell

  15. Other Lipids • Cutin: covers plant leaves and stems • Suberin: found in outer bark of woody plants • Both protect plant from excess water loss

  16. Proteins • Help plants stay up by staying in cells and tissues • Composed of amino acids • Essential parts of living • Enzymes: increase rate of chemical reactions

  17. DNA and RNA • DNA codes for proteins • DNA involves genes, heredity • RNA makes proteins

  18. Energy • ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is the energy used by plants to do work

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