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Basic Chemistry

Basic Chemistry. Protons/Neutrons / Electrons Atom Element Molecule. Common Elements in Plants. Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen. Phosphorus Potassium Magnesium Iron Calcium. Inorganic Compounds. Water Covers ¾ of Earth’s Surface All life-forms contain it

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Basic Chemistry

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  1. Basic Chemistry

  2. Protons/Neutrons/Electrons Atom Element Molecule

  3. Common Elements in Plants Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Magnesium Iron Calcium

  4. Inorganic Compounds • Water • Covers ¾ of Earth’s Surface • All life-forms contain it • Carries dissolved nutrients • Nonpolar molecule • Cohesion • Water “sticks” to other water molecules • Adhesion • Water “sticks” to other materials

  5. Acids • pH of 0-6 • Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) • Citrus Fruits are mostly acidic • Acid Rain

  6. Bases • pH of 8-14 • Sodium Hydroxide • Most household cleaners

  7. Organic Compounds • Foundation of plant structure • Four groups: • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  8. Carbohydrates • Fuel molecules for plants • Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen • Three types: • Monosaccharides • Disaccharides • Polysaccharides

  9. Monosaccharides • “simple sugars” • Glucose: • commonly called blood sugar • Form of sugar that is transported in bloodstream • Fructose • Commonly called fruit sugar • Found in fruits • Sweeter than glucose

  10. Disaccharides • Sucrose • Common table sugar • Found in sugarcane • Form of sugar transported in plant’s vascular system

  11. Polysaccharides • Starch • Main storage carbohydrates in plants • How plants build up their energy reserves • Potatoes, corn, rice • Cellulose • Most abundant carbohydrate on Earth

  12. Lipids • Greasy/Oily consistency • Do not dissolve in water • Waterproof covering for plants

  13. Fats vs. Oils • Fat is solid at room temperature • Generally saturated fatty acids • Produced by animals • Butter and Lard • Oil is liquid at room temperature • Unsaturated fatty acids • Produced by plants • Peanut oil, soybean oil, olive oil

  14. Phospholipids • Form cell membrane • Help things enter/leave cell

  15. Other Lipids • Cutin: covers plant leaves and stems • Suberin: found in outer bark of woody plants • Both protect plant from excess water loss

  16. Proteins • Help plants stay up by staying in cells and tissues • Composed of amino acids • Essential parts of living • Enzymes: increase rate of chemical reactions

  17. DNA and RNA • DNA codes for proteins • DNA involves genes, heredity • RNA makes proteins

  18. Energy • ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is the energy used by plants to do work

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