Final Victory and Consequences

1. Final Victory and Consequences

2. Victory in Europe- • 1. The Allies bombed Germany heavily in order to destroy the country’s ability to manufacture weapons. • Berlin, Hamburg, Leipzig and Dresden were greatly damaged • Also killed many civilians

3. Victory in Europe- • 7. Some Allied leaders (Churchill) wanted to limit the amount of German territory that might fall into the hands of the communists (Soviets). • April 30- Hitler commits suicide, Germany surrenders on May 7th • 10. The formal end of World War II in Europe on May, 8 1945, was called V-E Day. • * April 12- President Roosevelt died of a stroke

4. V-E Day

5. Victory in the Pacific- • 2. The Manhattan Project was a secret program to develop the atomic bomb. • Started in 1942 • Employed more than 600,000 people • Los Alamos, NM with plants in Washington, Tennessee produced the radioactive materials needed to build the bomb • Cost- $2 billion

6. Billboard outside the Oak Ridge Factory

7. The Atomic Bomb- • 4. President Truman gave the order to use the atomic bomb. • 6. The Enola Gay dropped an atomic bomb on the city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. • 8:15 a.m. • “Little Boy” • Killed about 80,000 people instantly • By the end of the year injury and radiation brought the casualties to 90,000-140,000 • 69% of buildings were completely destroyed • Selected in April 1945 and was not bombed to serve as a “pristine” target • Detonation happened at 1,968 feet

9. Nagasaki- • August 9, 1945 • Dropped by the B-29 bomber Bockscar at 11:02 a.m. • Not the original target… the original target was a city called Kokura, but clouds made it difficult to drop the bomb there • “Fat Man” • Exploded at 1,650

10. Nagasaki-

11. Before and After-

12. The Costs of the War- • 5. Some 50 million people, more than half of them civilians, died during WWII. • China, Poland and the Soviet Union hit hard • Food production, industry and transportation networks were destroyed • Millions homeless, lacking food, fuel, shelter and water • 3. The Allied nation that suffered the least amount of damage during the war was the United States.

13. The Holocaust- • 9. Nazi Germany’s systematic attempt to kill the Jews of Europe was the Holocaust, which resulted in the deaths of 6 million Jews as well as other people. • 2/3 of all Jews in Europe! (9 million before the war) • *Selection at Auschwitz Right meant slave labor, left meant gas chamber/Arrival of Hungarian Jews at Auschwitz

14. “Final Solution” • Wannsee Conference- Jan. 20, 1942- Lasted 90 minutes • 15 German officials discussed the “solution” to the “Jewish question in Europe.” • Moving of all European Jews to death camps where they would all be killed • 6.5 million Jews • “After appropriate prior approval by the Führer, emigration as a possible solution has been superseded by a policy of evacuating Jews to the East.”

15. Extermination (Death) Camps- • Mid-1942 Nazis began to ship Jews from German-occupied Europe to death camps in Austria, Germany, and Poland • Sorted by age, sex, and health, often tearing families apart • Physically fit Jews were sent to work as slave laborers in camp factories

16. Auschwitz-Birkenau • 8. The most notorious of the death camps was Auschwitz. • Gypsies, Slavs, Political and Religious radicals, Homosexuals, Physically and Mentally Handicapped were also murdered by the Germans