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The Rise of Islam

The Rise of Islam. Crossroads of three continents Geography-desert with little water People settled near an oasis town or near the coast Bedouins -nomads who migrated across Arabia Coastal towns such as Mecca were popular for trade. Several different tribes with different religions in Arabia

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The Rise of Islam

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  1. The Rise of Islam

  2. Crossroads of three continents • Geography-desert with little water • People settled near an oasis town or near the coast • Bedouins-nomads who migrated across Arabia • Coastal towns such as Mecca were popular for trade. • Several different tribes with different religions in Arabia • People would worship at the Ka’aba, a shrine. Arabia Prior to Muhammad

  3. Born into powerful Meccan family • Trader and merchant • At age 40, Muhammad meditated outside Mecca • He saw an angel named Gabriel. • Gabriel gave him messages from God, or Allah. • Islam- “Submission to the will of God.” • Muslims- “One who has submitted.” Muhammad (570-632 C.E)

  4. He preached in Mecca in 613 • He met hostility from Meccan leaders • He and his followers migrated (Hijrah) to Yathrib, later renamed Medina. • In 630, he returned to Mecca with 10,000 followers • He converted most in Mecca to Islam. Muhammad Spreads Islam

  5. The Five Pillars of Islam: • Faith (Claim Allah) • Prayer (5X a Day) • Alms (Giving to Poor) • Fasting (During Ramadan) • Pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca • Qur’an-holy book of Islam (written in Arabic) • Shari’a-Islamic body of law. The Religion of Islam

  6. Muhammad did not leave instructions for who was to take over Islam. • After he died in 632, the ummachose his close friend Abu-Bakr as caliph, or successor. • He enabled the word jihad, or struggle, to keep Islam afloat. • The Rightly Guided Caliphs-the first four successors of Islam after Muhammad. • (Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali) • By 750 C.E, Islam had spread across the Middle East, North Africa, and into Spain; some 6,000 miles. Islam Spreads After Muhammad

  7. Ali was assassinated in 661. • A family known as the Umayyads took power over Islam. • Leadership issues • Moved the capital from Mecca • Ruled as non-Muslims • Islam split into two branches: • Sunni-followers of Muhammad’s example; accepted the Umayyads • Shi’a-leader must be descended from Muhammad; did not accept Umayyads. Islam Splits

  8. Umayyad Empire fell to rebels in 750 C.E. • The Abbasids took control • Moved capital to new city in Iraq called Baghdad • Increased trade along land and sea • Developed banks and taxed goods. • Created a bureaucracy with regional governors to control the empire. The Abbasid Empire (750-1258 C.E)

  9. Advancements in Science and Math (algebra)-Al-Khwarizmi • Calligraphy-art of beautiful hand writing • Medical Encyclopedia • Ibn Battuta-recorded his travels around the world • IbnSina-philosopher and considered the “father of medicine.” • Architecture-built up cities (Jerusalem, Baghdad, Damascus) Legacy of the Islamic Empire

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