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Moving Toward Revolution

Moving Toward Revolution. Chapter 5. America Pre-1763. Cheap land, religious tolerance and economic opportunity all brought colonists to the New World. Population grew from 50,000 to 1million+ in just a century Britain let the colonists solve most of its own problems with self-governance

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Moving Toward Revolution

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  1. Moving Toward Revolution Chapter 5

  2. America Pre-1763 • Cheap land, religious tolerance and economic opportunity all brought colonists to the New World. Population grew from 50,000 to 1million+ in just a century • Britain let the colonists solve most of its own problems with self-governance • Americans had more freedom than most in Europe even though they were a colony

  3. Battle for the Ohio River Valley • The French founded Ft. Duquesne in Pittsburgh in 1754, and this angered the British Colonists • George Washington led the charge on Ft. Duquesne and made a name for himself as a good officer in the army, sparking the French and Indian War

  4. The French and Indian War • British Colonists vs. French/Native Americans • Britain sent 1,400 troops over to help. • Struggled turned in Britain’s favor when they captured Canada in 1759 from the French and in 1763, the French surrendered and gave Canada to Britain • Canada still a part of the British Commonwealth today

  5. French Indian War Map

  6. After the War • The war proved very costly for King George III and Britain. • George III took the throne In 1760 and was not very bright, yet wanted to be a strong ruler • To help keep the Natives and colonies at peace, he drew up the Proclamation of 1763 and made the colonists stay east of the line • King George III increased the British army in colonies to 7,500 men to help enforce the line

  7. How to pay off the debt • Americans were taxed very little before 1765, so the British Parliament imposed a series of taxes to help pay off debt from French and Indian War • Stamp Act: Must buy a stamp for every piece of paper they used from magazines to playing cards • Colonists protested since their own assemblies did not impose the tax and cried “No taxation without Representation!!” • After protests, the Stamp Act was repealed (cancelled)

  8. More Taxes… • Quartering Act: Colonists must provide British soldiers with room and board 1765 • Townshend Acts: Acts imposed by Parliament leader Charles Townshend on glass, paint, paper and tea to help pay for the British Army that occupied America • Colonists responded by boycotting British goods. Women played a key role since they purchased most of the goods in the shops. Even Loyalists boycotted

  9. The Boston Massacre • Just as soon as one of the Townshend Acts was taken away, a fight ensued between the British and some of the patriotic colonists • The colonists were calling the Brits • March 5, 1770, the mob started throwing rocks and ice and tempted the soldiers • One soldier panicked and opened fire, killing a black man, , at the front of the crowd, the first death of the Revolution

  10. Creating a Spark • and , an engraver, began to organize the Patriots after the “horrid massacre” and wanted the recoats tried for murder • But John Adams (below), a patriot, defended a few of the British soldiers in trial, and won the case, arguing they acted in self-defense against the angry mob

  11. Taxing the tea • Tea was taxed by Townshend, but it was smuggled in by the Dutch, so the colonists didn’t mind. • Lord North of Britain made a deal to sell taxed tea at a very cheap rate to save the British East India Company • Even though they would have saved money, colonists saw this as an attempt to tax without consent again • Britain brought in 17 million pounds of tea to America

  12. Throwing a Tea Party • Americans protested, but the British said the ships could not leave the harbors until the tea was unloaded • On Dec 16, 1773 the Sons of Liberty disguised themselves as Mohawk Indians and boarded three ships, throwing 90,000 pounds into Boston Harbor • John Adams said it was a great event in the news the next day, but said it would have great consequences

  13. Intolerance • In response to the Tea Party, the British Government made some new rules: • Close the harbor until the tea was paid for • British gov’t now controlled Mass. (not the assembly) • No town meetings without permission • British soldiers accused of murder will be tried in England, not America • More troops in Boston to help enforce laws

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