Why Standardize Metadata?

1. Why Standardize Metadata?

2. Why Have a Standard? Think for a moment how hard it would be to… … bake a cake without standard units of measurement. … put gas into your car without standard nozzle sizes. … plug a lamp into a socket without standard electrical outlets.

3. Why Have a Standard? Standards ensure consistency. The standard for metadata ensures a level of consistency in data documentation.

4. Establishing a Standard The Metadata Standard The Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) was organized in 1990 under the Office of Management and Budget to promote the coordinated use, sharing, and dissemination of geospatial data on a national basis. The FGDC was tasked with creating a metadata standard to meet these objectives.

5. Establishing a Standard The Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) "... each agency shall document all new geospatial data it collects or produces, either directly or indirectly, using the standard under development by the FGDC, and make that standardized documentation electronically accessible to the Clearinghouse network." Executive Order 12906, 1994

6. Establishing a Standard This “Content Standard” serves as a uniform summary description of the data set.

7. Establishing a Standard Process step Access constraints The Content Standard utilizes... • Common terms • Common definitions • Common language • Common structure entity currentness domain lineage Citation attribute

8. Establishing a Standard The Content Standard… • Establishes names of compound elements and data elements. • Defines the information about the values that are to be provided for the data elements. Citation Domain=Real attribute currentness entity lineage Type=“free text”

9. Establishing a Standard The Content Standard helps the user determine... • If a set of geospatial data is available and fit for a particular use. • How to access and transfer • the data set.

10. Establishing a Standard Metadata written using the Content Standard answers these important questions: Where Where were the data collected? Where were the data processed? Where are the data located? Who Who collected the data? Who processed the data? Who wrote the metadata? Who to contact for questions? Who to contact to order? Who owns the data? When When were the data collected? When were the data processed? What What are the data about? What project were they collected under? What are the constraints on their use? What is the quality? What are appropriate uses? What parameters were measured? What format are the data in? How How were the data collected? How were the data processed? How do I access the data? How do I order the data? How much do the data cost? How was the quality assessed? Why Why were the data collected?

11. Let’s Review • Metadata is a document that describes your data’s content, • condition, and quality. • Metadata is an integral component of your data and • should never be viewed as a separate entity. • Metadata’s traditional external value includes data discovery, • assessment, access, and use. • Metadata is also a powerful tool that an organization can • utilize to build a strong internal data management structure. • In order to be successful, this internal management structure • requires building support at the administrative, technical, and • organizational levels. • Standardized metadata ensures consistency in • documentation, and aids in the efficient discovery, • access, transfer, and use of data.

12. Using the Content Standard

13. FGDC’s Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Workbook (the “green book”)

14. Organization of the Content Standard The Content Standard is organized using numbered chapters called “sections.” Each section is organized into series of elements that define the information content for metadata to document a set of digital geospatial data.

15. Organization of the Content Standard • Each section provides: • Section name and definition • Compound element names • Compound element definitions • Data element names • Data element definitions

16. Organization of the Content Standard The workbook presents the production rules for the standard in a graphical format. These graphics illustrate: • Structure of the standard • Element groupings • Element conditionality • Element repeatability

17. Metadata Seven Main Sections Identification Information Spatial Reference Information Entity and Attribute Information Distribution Information Metadata Reference Information Data Quality Information Spatial Data Organization Information 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Citation Information Time Period Information Contact Information 8 9 10 Three Supporting Sections Structure of the Content Standard

18. Section Compound Element Compound elements are depicted using a 2-dimensional box. Data Element Data elements are depicted using a 3-dimensional box. Interpreting the Graphical Production Rules Sections are depicted by this symbol.

19. Data Element Interpreting the Graphical Production Rules A data element is a logically primitive item of data. Data elements are the things that you “fill in.” The form for the definition of a data element is: Data element name -- definition. Type: (choice of “integer”, “real”, “text”, “date”, or “time”) Domain: (describes valid values that can be assigned) An example of the definition of a data element is: Abstract -- a brief narrative summary of the data set. Type: text Domain: free text Note: Data element definitions are contained in the text of the Content Standard, not in the graphical production rules.

20. Conditionality Definitions Element Conditionality Mandatory – Information for this element must be provided. Mandatory if Applicable – Information for this element must be provided if the data set exhibits the defined characteristic. Optional – Information for this element is provided at the discretion of the data set producer.

21. How Elements Are Grouped Compound elements are composed of other compound and data elements. The composition is represented by nested boxes. Compound Element 1 Compound Element 1.1 Data Element 1.1.1 Data Element 1.1.2 Data Element 1.2

22. How Elements Are Grouped Compound Element 1 is composed of Compound Element 1.1 and Data Element 1.2. Compound Element 1 Compound Element 1.1 Data Element 1.1.1 Compound Element 1.1 is composed of Data Element 1.1.1 and Data Element 1.1.2. Data Element 1.1.2 Data Element 1.2

23. This group of elements would repeat. Compound Element 1.1 Compound Element 1 Compound Element 1.1 Data Element 1.1.1 Data Element 1.1.2 Data Element 1.2 Data Element 1.1.1 Data Element 1.1.2 Data Element 1.2 Repeating Elements Compound Element 1 (can be repeated unlimited times) If an element can be repeated independently from other elements, it will be indicated as such below the element name.

24. Conditionality Examples Compound Element 1 All elements are colored yellow, so all are mandatory and must be reported. Compound Element 1.1 Data Element 1.1.1 Data Element 1.1.2 Data Element 1.2

25. Compound Element 1 is mandatory. Compound Element 1.1 Compound Element 1 Data Element 1.1.1 Data Element 1.1.2 Data Element 1.2 is mandatory. Data Element 1.2 Conditionality Examples Compound Element 1 Compound Element 1.1 is optional. If yes, Data Elements 1.1.1 and 1.1.2 are mandatory. If no, do not report Compound Element 1.1, Data Element 1.1.1 or 1.1.2, and skip to Data Element 1.2.

26. Compound Element 1 Compound Element 1 is mandatory. Compound Element 1.1 Compound Element 1.1 is mandatory. Data Element 1.1.1 Data Element 1.1.1 is mandatory. Data Element 1.1.2 Data Element 1.1.2 is mandatory if applicable. Data Element 1.2 Conditionality Examples Compound Element 1 Compound Element 1.1 Data Element 1.2 is optional.

27. Compound Element 1 Compound Element 1.1 Compound Element 1.1 is mandatory. Data Element 1.1.1 Data Element 1.1.1 is mandatory if applicable. Data Element 1.1.2 Data Element 1.1.2 is mandatory. Data Element 1.2 Data Element 1.2 is optional. Conditionality Examples Compound Element 1 is mandatory if applicable. If not applicable to the data set, do not report any elements. If applicable, it is mandatory and:

28. So …what does all this mean? • Many of the documents that are on the Workshop CD are “in color”…

30. A Graphical Representation of the Metadata Standard

31. So …what does all this mean? • Many of the documents that are on the Workshop CD are “in color”… • Also note that some metadata editors “flag” FGDC required items for you…

32. ArcCatalog’s metadata editor…

33. Virginia Metadata Lite • ~2000, a VGIN workgroup identified several key elements of the FGDC standard and produced a shorter version called “VA MetaLite” • VA Metalite is Fully FGDC compliant • Includes all mandatory FGDC metadata elements, and a few optional elements. • This should be viewed as a minimum approach to metadata development. • The VA MetaLite is available on the CD, in the workbook, and on the Web (VGIN Home > Library > Info. Products) http://www.vgin.virginia.gov/documents/metadata/Virginia%20Spatial%20Metadata%20Lite%20Element%20Descriptions%20010901.htm

34. Here’s what VA Lite looks like… (the full version of VA MetaLite is included in your workbook)

35. Summary • Metadata standards are essential to ensure consistency, support dissemination, and generate efficiency • The FGDC has developed a metadata standard known as the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata • Virginia has identified a subset of mandatory items in this standard to help facilitate metadata development. This is called Virginia Lite. It is an option for you…

36. Exercise Using the Workbook