1 / 44

Virsuses: Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome & Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Virsuses: Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome & Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Outline. Introductory Comments Virus versus bacteria Examples of DNA and RNA containing viruses How RNA containing viruses can replicate Origins of HIV Dr. Hahn and colleagues Characteristics of HIV Particle

hayes-bauer
Télécharger la présentation

Virsuses: Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome & Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Virsuses:Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome& Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

  2. Outline • Introductory Comments • Virus versus bacteria • Examples of DNA and RNA containing viruses • How RNA containing viruses can replicate • Origins of HIV • Dr. Hahn and colleagues • Characteristics of HIV Particle • Glycoproteins • Viral genes • Laboratory Diagnostic Tests • PCR • Western Blot • ELISA • -------------------------------------------------- Part 2 ------------------------- • Treatment • Transmission • Prevention

  3. Bacteria versus Viruses

  4. Note: These STDs are bacterial infections! • SYPHILIS • Bacterium: Treponema pallidum • GONORRHEA • Bacterium: Neisseria gonorrhoeae

  5. Viruses • DNA containing • RNA containing

  6. DNA containing viruses • Herpes virus • Small pox virus • Hepatitis B • adenovirus

  7. RNA containing viruses • Hepatitis A and C • Rabies • Ebola • Measles • Mumps • Polio • HIV Rabies virus Measles on the back

  8. RETROVIRAL REPLICATION

  9. HIV

  10. T lymphocyte in green and HIV in red

  11. LYTIC STAGE

  12. Budding of HIV from T lymphocyte HIV HIV

  13. Co-Receptors Binds naturally occurring chemokines CCR5 or CXCR4 (fusin)

  14. HOST CELLS:helper T lymphocyte, macrophages HIV and helper T cells HIV-1 http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter24/animation__hiv_replication.html

  15. HIV Glycoproteins • Lipid Bilayer contains glycoproteins • Gp 160 • Gp 120 • Gp 41

  16. HIV: Structure and mechanism of replication

  17. HIV-1 PARTICLE

  18. Dr. Beatrice Hahn & colleagues: Drs. Li and Keele http://www.ucsf.edu/news/2009/12/8212/beatrice-hahn-discusses-gombe-national-park-chimp-research-and-origin-ai

  19. Africa Americas China (southeast) Europe India Japan Thailand A;D;C B C B C B E “Predominant Subtypes of Group M”

  20. Greater spot nose monkey Red Cap Mangabey monkey SIV cpz almost identical to HIV 1 Humans

  21. Pan troglodytes troglodytes Simian Virus (SIV cpz) almost identical to HIV 1

  22. Sooty mangabey monkey Simian Virus corresponds to HIV2

  23. Mechanism of Infection Infects Th cell VIRAL RNA Integrates into host DNA “activated” PROVIRAL DNA LYTIC STAGE storage LYSOGENIC STAGE

  24. The key HIV genes

  25. ELISA LAB • We will now move to the ELISA lab but will return to review the principles of the ELISA as well as other HIV based clinical tests.

  26. HIV Diagnostic Tests • Western Blot • PCR Directly measures HIV

  27. Polymerase Chain Reaction • Measures proviral DNA within the host DNA

  28. Western Blot Identifies HIV proteins Protein ladder

  29. HIV Diagnostic Tests • ELISA • (we have discussed this in lab) Indirect evidence of HIV exposure

  30. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) • A diagnostic test for Antibodies to HIV Antibodies

  31. *Antibodies are proteins produced by our immune system that are directed against specific antigens.(Antibody interactions with antigens will also be discussed in our “immungenetics lecture”)

  32. Antibodies Antigens Immune system Non-self

  33. Now apply these concepts to the diagnostic test known as ELISA to detect antibodies against HIV from a biologic fluid.

  34. Do any of these individuals carry antibodies to HIV?

  35. ELISA MICROTITER PLATES Microtiter plate

  36. The ELISA protocol sample Labelled 2nd Ab antigen 3 2 1 4 Color inducing substrate

  37. Results POSITIVE ANTI-HIV COLOR CHANGE NEGATIVE ANTI-HIV NO COLOR CHANGE

  38. FDA Approves Saliva OraQuick Rapid Test for HIV-1, HIV-2 Antibodies[March 29, 2004] (similar test is also available for blood samples, see next slides).

  39. 1 2 OraQuick Rapid Anti-HIV Blood Test 20 minute test Cost app. $15.00 3

More Related