1 / 13

Cardiovascular Diseases

Cardiovascular Diseases. Advanced Higher. Learning Outcomes. Describe the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction (heart attack), hypertension stroke; State the incidence of these diseases in the UK and other countries. Cardiovascular Disease.

heath
Télécharger la présentation

Cardiovascular Diseases

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cardiovascular Diseases Advanced Higher

  2. Learning Outcomes • Describe the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction (heart attack), hypertension stroke; • State the incidence of these diseases in the UK and other countries

  3. Cardiovascular Disease • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) - diseases which affect the heart and blood vessels. • A major cause of death in men and women over 50 in the western world. • In UK 350,000 die from CVD every year. • Atherosclerosis and Hypertension lead to most other forms of CVD.

  4. Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) • Coronary heart disease (CHD) refers to diseases affecting the heart, including angina pectoris, myocardial infarction. • Scotland is near the top of the international league for death from CHD. 65% higher in men in Scotland then SW England, 112% in women (BHF, 2008)

  5. Atherosclerosis • Build up of atheroma or plaque under the lining of the arteries. • Fatty acid  fibrous tissue  Calcium • artery diameter = restricted flow • Loss of elasticity – hardening of arteries • Increased blood pressure - hypertension

  6. Atherosclerosis • Normal Coronary Artery • Atherosclerosis affecting Coronary Artery • Atherosclerosis affecting Coronary Artery

  7. Thrombosis • Plaque in arteries produce a roughened surface, allowing platelets to accumulate and a blood clot or “thrombus” forms. • Thrombosis can lead to a heart attack (myocardial infarction) or stroke. • If it breaks free it is known as an embolus and will lead to an embolism in an artery.

  8. Thrombosis • coronary thrombosis – gross • coronary thrombosis - artery

  9. Angina Pectoris • Arises when blood flow is reduced by atherosclerosis. • Symptoms are chest pain due to inadequate blood supply to heart muscle during times of exertion. • Symptoms disappear again following a period of rest.

  10. Hypertension • When blood pressure is persistently higher than 160/95 mm Hg. BP Charts • Can lead to atherosclerosis. • 20% of adult population of UK suffers from Hypertension • Can lead to CHD • Controlled by diet, exercise and medication

  11. Incidence of CHD in UK and beyond • Prevalence differs in countries throughout the world • UK has one of the highest rates of CHD. • Factors such as diet high in saturated fats, high smoking rates and low activity levels all contribute. • CHD generally associated with affluence.

  12. Typical Exam Question • Explain how atherosclerosis contributes to hypertension (3 marks). • Describe the sequence of events that leads from atherosclerosis to myocardial infarction (3marks). • Give an account of how cardiovascular diseases arise and outline some of the risk factors in their development (15 marks).

  13. Websites • World Health Organisation: http://www.who.int/en/ • NHS Scotland: http://www.show.scot.nhs.uk/ • Shetland Health Board: http://www.show.scot.nhs.uk/shb/index.htm • British Heart Foundation: http://www.bhf.org.uk/ • Scottish Health Statitics: http://www.isdscotland.org • Blood Pressure Charts: http://www.vaughns-1-pagers.com/medicine/blood-pressure.htm • http://medlib.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/MYOCARD/MYOCARD.html • http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/healthy/disease.html • http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/CVHTML/CVIDX.html#1

More Related