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Phylum Porifera

Tube sponges. Hexactinellida. Phylum Porifera. Chapter 26-2 Pages 560 - 563. Sponges vs. Coral. Characteristics of Porifera. One of the most ancient animals First sponges found in Cambrian Period (850mya) Aquatic Salt water  most species Fresh water  few species

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Phylum Porifera

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  1. Tube sponges Hexactinellida Phylum Porifera Chapter 26-2 Pages 560 - 563

  2. Sponges vs. Coral

  3. Characteristics of Porifera • One of the most ancient animals • First sponges found in Cambrian Period (850mya) • Aquatic • Salt water  most species • Fresh water  few species • Porifera = pore-bearer • Sponges have tiny openings all over their body

  4. Characteristics of Porifera • Some common animal characteristic • Multi-cellular  specialized cells • Heterotrophic • No cell wall • 2 germ layers: • ecto and endo • Have nothing that resembles a mouth or a gut (coelom) • Have no specialized tissues and organ systems

  5. Characteristics of Porifera • Feeding: Filter Feeders • Symmetry: Asymmetrical • Movement: Sessile • Response: release toxins • Reproduction: asexual and sexual • Internal Transport: thru the pores • Respiration: O2/CO2 through pores • Excretion: Gets rid of waste thru osculum All done thru the pores

  6. There are thousands of Openings (pores) on the Sponge. Structure of Porifera osculum pinacocyte choanocyte = collar cell central cavity porocyte = pore cell amoebocyte Water flow- contraction of porocytes spicules

  7. Functions of Specialized Cells • Osculum (not a specialized cell) • Water, wastes, gametes/larvae exit through this hole • Choanocyte • Flagellated which brings water current through the pores and into the central cavity • Porocyte • Lines the pores • Amoebocyte • Makes spicules Pinacocyte - Contract to allow minor shape change and helps to regulate water.

  8. Spicules venus flower basket • Made from CaCO3or SiO2 • forms the skeleton of the sponge • Some skeletons are madeof spicules and spongin • Spongin • Fibers • In our natural bath sponge

  9. 3 Classes • Class Calcarea • chalk sponges • calcareous CaCO3 spicules • Class Hexactinellida • glass sponges • siliceous SiO2 spicules • Class Demospongiae • horn sponges • skeleton of spongin or none • largest class

  10. Feeding • Filter feeders • Food particles are (trapped and engulfed by collar cells via endocytosis then digested • Amoebocytes digest any undigested food and delivers it around the sponge

  11. Respiratory, Excretory,Internal Transport • All done through the pores • Sponge cells diffuse O2 and CO2 • Ammonia (metabolic waste) is diffused into the water and carried out the osculum • Nutrients is carried intothe sponge thru pores

  12. Response • To protect themselves from being over-grown with bacteria and algae in the ocean that is always looking for a home • Produce toxic compounds • discourage bacteria, algae and other animal from chewing on the sponge

  13. Reproduction • Asexual: • budding, fragmentation (regeneration) • Sexual: • Gender can change from year to year • Eggs are kept in the body wall of the sponge • Sperms are released into the water and taken in by a female sponge • Amoebocytes pick up the sperm and bring them to the egg forfertilization • Zygote turns into larvae • Grows into new sponge

  14. Asexual Reproduction • In harsh weather (freezing, drought) • Freshwater sponges produce gemmules • A layer of amoebocytes surrounded by spicules • Spherical • When envir.changesgemmule will grow into a new sponge

  15. Porifera Significance • Homes of other marine life (shrimp, sea stars, snails) • Food for fishes, shrimp • Photosyntheticsymbiotic relationship: • Blue-green algae • Provides food for eachother

  16. Porifera Significance • Boring sponges: • Cleans up ocean floor • Amoebocytes release special chemical that allows sponge to drill tunnels • These chemicalsweaken the shellof corals andshells

  17. Porifera Significance • Toxins that sponges release can be used in: • Antibiotics • Antiviral drugs • Cancer  leukemia • Arthritis • Strep throat Some are still in experimental stages HOMEWORK: Read pages 560-563 Answer qu’s 1-3 + Sponge bob assignment

  18. What’s wrong with Sponge-Bob? • In- class: • What are 3 things that are inconsistent with the life of a sponge, and at least 1 thing that is accurate?Be sure to explain your reasoning. • Do not include things like: Sponges don’t talk, sponges don’t wear pants, sponges aren’tfriends with starfish.

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