1. Phylum Porifera

2. Table of Contents • General description • Sponge canal system • Unique characteristics • Systems (integument, skeletal, muscle, digestive) • Systems (respiratory, circulatory, nervous) • Systems (endocrine and reproductive) • Taxonomy • Calcispongiae • Hyalospongiae • Demospongiae

3. Phylum Porifera (por-if-er-a) • Grouped as Parazoans - multicellular animals with no well-defined tissue. • They are sessile, and asymmetrical (sometimes with radial symmetry). Body organized around a system of water canals and chambers

4. Sponge Canal Systems • The body plans or structures are based on complexity of water-canal and skeletal system • Asconoid • Choanocytes line the spongocoel • Syconoid • Choanocytes are in radial canals off spongocoel • Leuconoid • Choanocytes are in chambers off of the radial canals.

5. Some unique characteristics • Spicules • Choanocytes (collar cells) • No true tissue • Pores • Body plans (asconoid, syconoid, leuconoid)

6. Porifera Systems • Integumentary • Pinacocytes - thin flat layer of T-shaped cells • Skeletal • Spicules and spongin(forms of collagen) • Muscle • Movement cellular by flagella and pseudopodia • Digestive • Intracellular; use choanocytes to trap food.

7. Porifera Systems • Excretory • Marine are isotonic, freshwater forms use contractile vacuoles. • Respiratory • diffusion by individual cells • Circulatory • Choanocytes create current, ameboid cells transport food • Nervous • Cell irritability shown by individual cells

8. Porifera Systems • Endocrine • endocrine like chemical present within individual cells • Reproductive • External fertilization, or sperm brought in choanocytes and fertilization occurs in chambers. • Asexual: regenerate whole sponge from a few spicules, choanocytes and amoeboid cells. • Gemmulesin freshwater sponge (a few marine ones)

9. Spongin Gemmule Arrow pointing to spicule Spicules

10. Porifera Taxonomy • Class: Calcispongiae (cal-si-spon-ge-a) • Scypha (Grantia or Sycon) • Leucosolenia • Class: Hyalospongiae(hi-a-lo-spon-ge-a) • Euplectella • Class: Demospongiae(dem-o-spon-ge-a) • Euspongia (Spongia) • Spongilla • Class: Sclerospongiae (skler-o--spon-ge-a) • No specimens

11. Taxonomy Leucosolenia (stained) Grantia (Scypha) Spicules Class Calcispongiae • Spicules of calcium carbonate (all three canal systems present in class)

12. Class Hyalospongiae • Six-rayed silicon spicules Euplectella (Venus’ flower basket)

13. Class Demospongiae • Presence of spongin, or silicon spicules (that are not six-rayed) or both. Euspongia (Spongia) Spongilla

14. End of Phylum Porifera