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Ecological Approach in the New Public Health

Ecological Approach in the New Public Health. Richard A. Crosby, Laura F. Salazar, and Ralph J. DiClemente. A Presentation by Dale Spencer H571 Principles of Health Behavior. Individual Health vs. Population Health An analogy…. What is an ecological approach?.

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Ecological Approach in the New Public Health

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  1. Ecological Approach in the New Public Health Richard A. Crosby, Laura F. Salazar, and Ralph J. DiClemente A Presentation by Dale Spencer H571 Principles of Health Behavior

  2. Individual Health vs. Population HealthAn analogy….

  3. What is an ecological approach? Targets multiple environmental influences of health Outer levels influence the inner levels Strong and enduring change Without addressing the appropriate environmental factors, health promotion may fail to produce long-term behavior change.

  4. Solving Child Crime • Juvenile Correctional Facilities • Punish the child for undesirable behavior Non-EA: Remove the offender from the streets.  recidivism. EA: Change post-juvi environmental influences

  5. Risk Environment vs. Health Environment • Risk environments set the stage for individuals to engage in unhealthy behaviors • Example 1: Lack of environmental tobacco smoke laws • Example 2: Stigmatization and criminalization of illegal substance abuse • Example 3: ????? • Health Environment • Example 1: OSU became a smoke-free campus during Fall 2012. • Example 2: Portugal’s new drug policy • Resounding Success or Disastrous Failure? • Example 3: ?????

  6. Obesity Epidemic High accessibility of fast food Lack of access to affordable, fresh foods Lack of physical activity Organizational Change Policy Change Optimal Defaults

  7. Comparison of Models for Obesity Medical Model • Obesity is a medical condition requiring medical intervention • Effective on the individual level only • Root cause remains unaddressed Ecological Model • Avoids blaming the individual • Directs change at multiple levels of influencing factors • Can address the root cause and can beeffective on the societal level

  8. Model of Human Development • UrieBronfenbrenner (1979) • How is human development (psychological; social dimensions) influenced by social systems? • Study of mutual transactions between humans • Study of the properties of the environmental system in which individuals interact

  9. 4 System Levels Macrosystem Refers to the larger cultural context Exosystem The individual does not have an active role but is still affected Mesosystem The relationship or interaction between two or more microsystems Microsystem The immediate environment that affects the individual, and vice versa.

  10. Chronosystem The cumulative experiences that a person has over his/her lifetime. Defining life changes or transitions

  11. Intimate Partner Violence Why do men commit violence against loved ones? Macrosystem – New laws/policies; tax incentives Exosystem – Workplace policies; increase awareness Mesosystem – Mentoring; positive norms Microsystem – Zero tolerance programs

  12. Social Action Theory • Craig K. Ewart (2009) • Targets both the environment and underlying cognitive structures • Enduring behavior change is a product of: • Psychological Regulation • Goal-Directed Action  Adaptive Self-Endeavors

  13. Three Step Approach Model for Sustained Behavior Change

  14. Questions???

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