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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are organic molecules made from carbon and hydrogen only The carbon chain is the focus of each molecule when naming and drawing. The prefixes in the chart below are used to indicate the number of carbons. ALKANES.

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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

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  1. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Hydrocarbons

  2. Hydrocarbons are organic molecules made from carbon and hydrogen only • The carbon chain is the focus of each molecule when naming and drawing

  3. The prefixes in the chart below are used to indicate the number of carbons

  4. ALKANES • Hydrocarbon chains that have single bonds only Naming: • Prefix is given to indicate the length of the C- chain • Suffix is –ane to indicate single bonds in the chain

  5. Drawing: • Start by drawing the number of C in a chain, connecting them with single bonds • Add hydrogens to each carbon so they each have 4 bonds in total (this gives each C an octet)

  6. i.e. Draw butane Ans. CH3 - CH2 – CH2 - CH3 i.e. Name the following CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 - CH3 Ans. hexane

  7. BRANCHED-CHAIN ALKANES • In a branched-chain there will be a: • parent chain – the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms in the alkane molecule • substituent – a side chain of carbons linked to the parent chain

  8. Naming: 1.) Identify the parent chain – give the correct prefix (based on #Cs) and suffix (-ane) 2.) Identify and substituents – give the correct prefix (from chart above) and suffix (-yl)

  9. 3.) Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain starting at the end nearest to a substituent OR so that the substituents get the lowest possible combination of numbers

  10. 4.) Add the location of each substituent before its name. Separate the number and the name with a hyphen 5.) If there is more than one substituent of the same type, use the prefixes in the table below and place this in front of the prefix indicating the type of substituent

  11. Table of Prefixes for multiple substituents of the same type

  12. 6.) Complete the name by writing the names of all the substituents with their locations in front of the parent name in alphabetical order.

  13. Name the following molecule: CH3 – CH – CH – CH2 – CH2 – CH – CH3 l ll CH3CH3 CH2 – CH3

  14. Drawing Rules: 1.) Draw the parent chain of carbons attached by single bonds 2.) Draw the carbon chains of each substituent in the appropriate spot on the parent C-chain 3.) Add hydrogens to each carbon to make 4 bonds altogether for each

  15. Draw the following molecule: 3- ethyl - 2,3,4 – trimethylheptane

  16. DID YOU KNOW? Cancerous tumours create alkanes in the body that can be detected on our breaths by some dogs – researchers are currently testing cancer sniffing dogs as an early detection for cancer in place of more invasive methods of detection like surgery.

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