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Data Representation

This document provides a comprehensive analysis of data representation methods, including the conversion between binary and decimal systems. It covers the significance of Most Significant Digit (MSD) and Least Significant Digit (LSD) in binary representation along with positional values. Additionally, it explains hexadecimal representation, bits, bytes, and memory addressing. Practical examples illustrate binary to decimal conversions, and the document also raises critical questions regarding the implications of these representations for data security, fostering a better understanding of the nexus between data management and cybersecurity.

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Data Representation

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  1. Data Representation

  2. 80 Column Card

  3. Joe Hacker 123 Main Plainfield Il 60544 Fields Records Files

  4. Decimal • MSD LSD • dx d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 Digit Position • 10x 104 103 102 101 100 Placement Value • 10,000 1,000 100 10 1 Positional Value • 0 0 0 0 0 0 Symbols • 1 1 1 1 1 • 2 2 2 2 2 • 3 3 3 3 3 • 4 4 4 4 4 • 5 5 5 5 5 • 6 6 6 6 6 • 7 7 7 7 7 • 8 8 8 8 8 • 9 9 9 9 9

  5. 7903 (7 X 103) + (9 X 102) + (0 X 101) + (3 X 100) = (7 X 1000) + (9 X 100) + (0 X 10) + (3 X 1) = 7000 + 900 + 0 + 3 = 7903

  6. Binary MSD LSD dx d4 d3 d2 d1 d0Digit Position 2x 24 23 22 21 20 Placement Value 2x2x2x2 2x2x2 2x2 2x2 2x0 16 8 4 2 1 Positional Value 0 0 0 0 0 0 Symbols 1 1 1 1 1 1

  7. Binary to Decimal Conversion Binary Number: 1011 Exponent: 3210 Decimal = 1*20 + 1* 21 + 0*22 + 1*23 = 1 + 2 + 0 + 8 = 11

  8. Binary Representation 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 Byte = 8 Bits (Binary digits)

  9. Decimal to Binary Conversion

  10. Hexadecimal • Use Hex 0-9 for decimal 0-9 • Use Hex A-F for decimal 10-15 Each Hex can be translated into 4 binary digits. Each 4 binary digits can be translated into a Hex digit. Note: a byte = 4 bits Each byte can be written as a Hex

  11. Hex Representation 65536 4096 256 16 1

  12. Example Binary 1101 1110 0001 Decimal 13 14 1 Hex D E 1

  13. Example • Hex to Dec Hex 2 C Exponent 1 0 Dec = 2(16)1 + C (16)0 = 32 + 12(1) = 32 + 12 = 44

  14. Bits & Bytes

  15. Addressable values

  16. Address Register Bits Addressable Memory (bytes) Memory size 891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132 2565121,0242,0484,0968,19216,38432,76865,536131,072262,144524,2881,048,5762,097,1524,194,3048,388,60816,777,21633,554,43267,108,864134,217,728268,435,456536,870,9121,073,741,8242,147,483,6484,294,967,296 1K2K4K8K16K32K64K128K256K512K1M2M4M8M16M32M64M128M256M512M1G2G4G Addressable memory by address register size

  17. Measurements of Memory 1 K = 1,024 bytes = 210 1 MegaByte (M) = 1,048,576 bytes = 220 1 GigaByte (G) = 1,073,741,824 bytes = 230 16.7 M = 16,777,215 bytes = 224

  18. $64 Million Question $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ What does this have to do with security? $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

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