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Media Ethics and Dilemmas

Media Ethics and Dilemmas. Journalists, Citizens and Technology By: Christopher G. Lewis. A 2013 Nicholas and Anna Ricco Ethics Award competition submission. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/16/vancouver-riots-2011_n_878128.html.

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Media Ethics and Dilemmas

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  1. Media Ethics and Dilemmas Journalists, Citizens and Technology By: Christopher G. Lewis A 2013 Nicholas and Anna Ricco Ethics Award competition submission

  2. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/16/vancouver-riots-2011_n_878128.htmlhttp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/06/16/vancouver-riots-2011_n_878128.html Is a picture worth 1,000 words anymore?Can a photograph even be trusted? This image taken by Getty’s photographer, Richard Lam, appears to show a couple kissing during the 2011 Vancouver Riots. In reality, she had fallen and he was attempting to help her up.

  3. The impact of visual communications Why are multimedia ethics so important?

  4. The impact of visual communications • Did you think of a word? ALLIGATOR • Did you think of an image? http://www.marathonbooks.com/Alligator.html

  5. “…humans are extremelygood at remembering thousands of pictures alongwith some of their visual details”What makes an image memorable? By: Isola, Xiao, Torralba and Olivahttp://cvcl.mit.edu/papers/IsolaXiaoTorralbaOliva-PredictingImageMemory-CVPR2011.pdf What makes pictures memorable can now be reliable predicted. The team planned to design a “memorable picture” iPhone app.

  6. Memories are easily manipulated to create false impressions. A picture is worth a thousand lies: Using false photographs to create false childhood memories By: Wade, Garry, Read, Lindsay, 2002 Make-Believe Memories By: Elizabeth Loftus, 2003 • 50 percent of the test subjects created complete or partial false memories • About one third of the subjects remembered Bugs Bunny at Disneyland

  7. The Bugs Bunny Effect

  8. Technology-aided communications How much information is out there?

  9. Some Statistics: Twitter http://mashable.com/2011/09/08/twitter-has-100-million-active-users/

  10. Some Statistics: Facebook http://newsroom.fb.com/Key-Facts

  11. Some Statistics: YouTube http://www.youtube.com/yt/press/statistics.html

  12. Some Statistics: YouTube http://www.youtube.com/yt/press/statistics.html

  13. Some Statistics: Instagram http://instagram.com/press/

  14. Codes of ethics Do they still matter?

  15. Public service and the Fairness Doctrine • FCC introduces the Fairness Doctrine in 1949 • Intended to present issues to the public in a fair and balanced manner • Eliminated by the FCC in 1987 • Language formally removed by the FCC in 2011 http://www.commlawblog.com/uploads/image/gravestone-fairness%20doctrine-1.JPG

  16. Codes of ethics Society of Professional Journalists National Press Photographers Association

  17. Codes of ethics Ask These 10 Questions to Make Good Ethical Decisions By: Dr. Bob Steele The Poynter Institute • What do I know? What do I need to know? • What is my journalistic purpose? • What are my ethical concerns? • What organizational policies and professional guidelines should I consider? • How can I include other people, with different perspectives and diverse ideas, in the decision-making process? • Who are the stakeholders — those affected by my decision? What are their motivations? Which are legitimate? • What if the roles were reversed? How would I feel if I were in the shoes of one of the stakeholders? • What are the possible consequences of my actions? Short term? Long term? • What are my alternatives to maximize my truth-telling responsibility and minimize harm? • Can I clearly and fully justify my thinking and my decision? To my colleagues? To the stakeholders? To the public?

  18. Codes of ethics Profit-Making Model • Budgets shrink to maximize profit • Advertising gains more control and corporate ownership shrinks Pundits • Masquerade as journalists • Hard for the public to tell the difference

  19. Losing credibility Mistakes, spins and lies are nothing new

  20. Losing credibility The USS Maine The Cottingley Fairies • What caused the USS Maine to sink in 1898 remains unclear, but the sinking clearly started the Spanish-American War. • The fake photographs taken in 1917 were not revealed as a hoax until 1983. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cottingley_Fairies http://architecturalwatercolors.blogspot.com/2012/06/uss-maine-monument-central-park.html

  21. Losing credibility http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1r3u9XE1150 In 2012, WGN in Chicago reports live about a plane crash without verifying .

  22. Losing credibility Sometimes professionals accidently make mistakes

  23. Losing credibility Brian Walski, the la times Mitt romney, “Money” • In 2003, Walski composited a photo to, “improve its composition.” • During Romney’s 2012 campaign, a fake picture of children spelling out “money” on their shirts went viral. http://urbanlegends.about.com/od/socialpoliticalissues/ss/Romney-Money-Picture.htm http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/photo/essays/vanRiper/030409.htm

  24. Losing credibility http://leisure.ezinemark.com/famous-fake-images-in-politics-773667d55432.html In 2004, John Kerry was added to a photograph of Jane Fonda speaking at an Anti-Vietnam War protest.

  25. Traditional journalists Are we becoming relics?

  26. Traditional journalists http://moodle.solanco.org/mod/page/view.php?id=6817 The choice is adaptation or extinction

  27. Traditional journalists • “The Pentagon Papers” • Published in 1971 by The New York Times, detailedthe United State’s involvement during the Vietnam War • “WikiLeaks” • Created by Julian Assange in 2006, released thousands of classified documents concerning the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan in 2010, and about the Guantanamo Bay Detention Center in 2011 http://nsarchive.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/pentagon-papers.jpg http://911.wikileaks.org/

  28. The citizen journalist Welcome additions or harbingers of doom?

  29. The citizen journalist Zapruder film Rodney King video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SW1ZDIXiuS4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWHdEeHNbXY

  30. The citizen journalist • Russian Meteor • Katie Couric

  31. The citizen journalist http://mashable.com/2012/10/29/fake-hurricane-sandy-photos/ Citizen journalists lack training and accountability.

  32. The social journalist Is the answer collaboration?

  33. The social journalist http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffbercovici/2012/11/01/why-time-magazine-used-instagram-to-cover-hurricane-sandy/ The Instagram option

  34. The social journalist http://projects.nytimes.com/watching-syrias-war The New York Times option

  35. The social journalist http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sNV4yIyXXX0 The Storyful option

  36. The solution Is there one?

  37. The solution Combine all three, with a few addendums

  38. The solution Of course, we could always sit back and do nothing, but then… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=frKZyFYxQCY

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