Presentation of research concept paper

1. By Edward Gathondu I56/79482/2012 Master of science in Social statistics student, University of Nairobi School of mathematics Course: Design of Research studies Presentation of research concept paper

2. Research Topic Effects of horticulture production and marketing in relation to poverty eradication , food security and nutrition • Scope and duration • The study will carried in Kenya for one (1) year and assess the five horticulture commodities produced i.e • Vegetables, • Flowers • Fruits • Nuts and • Herbs

3. Introduction/Background • The agriculture sector in Kenya is made up of five major sub-sector namely industrial crops, food crops, horticulture, livestock and fisheries. The agriculture sector contributes directly and indirectly 21.5% and 27% respectively of the GDP • Up to 80% of the rural population is employed in agriculture related activities • The horticulture sub-sector contributes 36% of the agriculture’s GDP and there fore a significant contributor to the economy in terms employment and food security • The sub-sector employs more than 6(six) million small holder farmers directly and millions of traders indirectly thus the sub-sector is vital in transformation of Kenya into a rapidly industrializing middle-income nation as envisaged in vision 2030

4. Goal To identify opportunities for reducing poverty, malnutrition and food insecurity through horticulture • Purpose • To research on horticultural opportunities in relation to; • Poverty eradication, • Nutrition • Food security

5. High incidences of diseases High mortality rates to children <5 years of age Effects Poor concentrations and performance in schools Problem Tree Structure Increased poverty levels Increased cost of drugs Increased incidences of crime Family stress and irritation Decreased horticulture productivity results to unemployment, food insecurity and malnutrition Stunted growth & disability disorders Food insecurity/in adequate foods Lack of proper planning and farming methods Lack of awareness/knowledge on horticulture Negligence Causes Lack of proper/improper feeding techniques Famine/hunger

6. Study justification/purpose • The horticulture sub sector is made up of five commodities; vegetables, flowers, fruits nuts, and herbs (medicinal and aromatic plants) . The sub-sector is a major contributor to employment, food security and nutrition with regards to increasing economic access to food for majority of small holders and urban populations. • The sub-sector provides raw materials for fruits and vegetable agro- processing industries in addition is among the leading foreign exchange earners. In 2011, the sub-sector generated more than Ksh 205 billions in the domestic market and Ksh 91.3billions in foreign exchange. • The sub-sector employs more than 6(six) million small holder farmers directly and millions of traders indirectly thus the sub-sector is vital in transformation of Kenya into a rapidly industrializing middle-income nation as envisaged in vision 2030 • Due to the rising global population and effects of climate change, food prices have been on the increase resulting general rise in prices for commodities thus reducing disposable income resulting to low horticulture productivity and increase in poverty levels

7. Study Objectives The study will carried out in Kenyafor 2 years with the following objectives; • To identify contribution of horticulture in poverty eradication in the last 2-years • To identify role of horticulture in fighting food insecurity for the last 2 years • To identify adaption and use of horticulture products in fighting malnutrition for children under age of 5 years

8. Hypothesis Hypothesis 1 H0: There is association between horticulture production and marketing versus poverty eradication/job creation H1: There is no association Hypothesis 2 H0: There is association between horticulture production and food insecurity H1: There is no association Hypothesis 2 H0: There is association between horticulture production and nutrition H1: there is no association

9. Study methodology 1. Study design • developing of research tools • -sample development and selection • Pre-testing the tools 2. Data Collection • Field data collection using questioners • Interviews and secondary data 3. Data management and extrapolation • Data cleaning and processing/analysis 4. Final analysis • Charting and graphs 5. Interpretation of results • Assessing strength of evidence • Adapting measures of precision & prediction 6. Pre- reporting/draft • Validating results through stakeholders workshop 7. Final report • Incorporating comments from stakeholders • Communicating of results • Publishing of results through relevant media and journal

10. Problem statement Kenya faces a lot of challenges ranging from increased youth un employment leading to increased grouping of youth to committee crime. Further, the changing climate change have contributed to changing weather patterns making the current production not to meet the desired levels of food security plus high mortality rates of children under age of 5 years due to malnutrition. This makes the government to develop interest in mechanism of fighting poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition in order to create peace in the country and horticulture seems to have an upper hard in this contribution thus the desire to investigate the relationship between, unemployment, food security and malnutrition

11. Detailed activities

12. Beneficiaries and impacts The beneficiaries of this section study will be; The more than six (6) million small holders farmers, dozen of traders ,exporters , processors, new investors, service providers (such as banks and input suppliers), donors in the project development ,policy makers, researchers etc. Out puts • Workshops or  stakeholders meetings to validate the results, stakeholders are; small holder farmers, exporters, traders, processors, policy makers, researchers, donors, Agro product/service provider, Health providers etc • Publication of the new knowledge in a accessible media, journals, database, etc • Detailed report to stakeholders

13. Impacts/out come • Increased awareness on horticulture production through new & increased horticulture product in the market • Increased areas (acreage) under horticulture production • New employment through New business/industries related to horticulture • New policy geared towards promotion of horticulture • New technologies to enhance production & value addition

14. Project management Key staff to the research project are; Professor Obudho, from University of Nairobi – Lead consultant Dr. Kimanifrom University of Nairobi – Monitoring and Evaluation Dr. Lucy Boor, University of Nairobi – Co-ordinator Dr. Kiong, University of Nairobi – Statistician Mr. Kamau– Accountant

15. Budget Some of the quantifiable inputs needed to achieve the objectives are ; • Hiring of the desired personnel, travel costs or vehicles, hardware and soft ware for data collection and analysis, • Supplies-printing papers, • Services-internet, phones, air time, • Works facilities and overheads for instance workshop venues • Etc