1 / 51

Current trends in substance abuse

Current trends in substance abuse. MICHAEL NERNEY and ASSOCIATES P.O. Box 93 Long Lake, NY 12847-0093 (518) 624-5351 mcnerneyLL@frontiernet.net. The Adolescent Brain Factor. Emotional Intensity Ages 11 – 24 years Amygdala Hormones Larger and more active 2 to 4 times.

helen
Télécharger la présentation

Current trends in substance abuse

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Current trends insubstance abuse • MICHAEL NERNEY and ASSOCIATES • P.O. Box 93 • Long Lake, NY 12847-0093 • (518) 624-5351 • mcnerneyLL@frontiernet.net

  2. The Adolescent Brain Factor • Emotional Intensity • Ages 11 – 24 years • Amygdala • Hormones • Larger and more active • 2 to 4 times https://images.nonexiste.net/popular/2012/03/30/diffusion-spectrum-imaging-reveals-an-orderly-weave-of-nerve-fibers-in-the-brain/

  3. The Adolescent Brain Factor, con’t. • Risk Taking and Peers • Change at 13 years old • New sites appear in brain • Emotional reward for risk taking • Peer influence

  4. Brain Factor, con’t. • Social Media • YouTube, Tumblr, Facebook, Twitter • Instant information • Personal communication • Possibly anonymous • Nearly every young person has access

  5. The Products:Marijuana Synthetics • Cannabinoids • 3 experimental strands: • JWH-073, JWH-018, 200, 250 • CP 47, CP 80 • HU-210 • Clemson University • John W. Huffman

  6. Marijuana synthetics: Research Application • Animal Studies • Medical Use of Cannabinoids • Pain management • Appetite regulation • No human clinical trials • Tested on primates and rodents

  7. Marijuana synthetics:Diverted to the Public • K2, Spice, Blond, Standard, Spice Gold, Zohai, Serenity • 3-4 years under radar • 2009 testing showed few herbal compounds • New synthetic cannabinoids discovered (knockoff)

  8. Marijuana, marijuana synthetics:Effects • Physical • Rapid onset • Dilated pupils • Time distortion • Speech may be confused and non-responsive http://saypeople.com/2011/11/04/pupil-reflexes-without-brain-messaging/

  9. Marijuana, marijuana synthetics:Effects, con’t • Social/Emotional • Bouts of laughter • Interference with color and sound http://beckyland.wordpress.com/tag/synesthesia/

  10. Marijuana, marijuana synthetics:Effects, con’t • Behavioral • Increased appetite • Cognitive deficiencies • In vulnerable individuals: • May lead to psychosis • May deepen depression

  11. Marijuana synthetics:significant risks • Addiction • Anandamide influence • High potency – more activity in CB1 and CB2 sites • May lead to dependency and addiction • Tolerance • Withdrawal • Compulsion • Loss of Control • Continued Use Despite Consequences

  12. Marijuana synthetics:significant risks, cont • Non-responsive • High dose – no divided attention • Operation of anymoving vehicle • Not attentive to environmental risks • Cognitive impact • Measurable impact on memory and learning • Potential paranoia and/or psychotic break • Testing • Requires specialized and sophisticated drug testing

  13. Marijuana substitutes • Wicked X, Posh, Dank, K2 Compliant, Shakabuku, Kush, Bombay Blue, Aztec Gold • “Not for human consumption” • Sold as potpourri or aromatherapy • Discreet shipping • Blend of herbal compounds may include: • Canavalia rosea, Clematis vitalba, Nelumbo nucifera, Pedicularis grandifolia, Heimia salicifolia, Leonurus sibiricus and Ledum palustre, Damiana, Lavender, Baybean, Yerba Mate

  14. Marijuana substitutes:effects • Physical • Mild mental stimulation • Body relaxation • Social/Emotional • Relaxation • Laughter • Behavioral • Disconnected

  15. Marijuana substitutes:risks • Lung function • Joints, blunts, pipes, bongs • Vaporizers • Unknown herbal products • Damiana • Yerba Mate • Loaded Blunts • Herbals plus smokable: • Marijuana • Heroin • Cocaine • Methamphetamine • Ketamine

  16. Salvia divinorum • Diviner’s Sage • Legal Status • Source – Mexico/Florida Sun Pharm • Potency ratings • 5x, 10x, 15x, 20x, 30x • Salvinorin A • Extract available • Psychoactive compound

  17. Salvia divinorum:effects • Physical • Mild to moderate stimulation • 5-10 minute duration • Uncoordinated • Social/Emotional • Tactile, auditory and visual hallucinations • Extended bouts of laughter • Confusion and fearfulness

  18. Salvia divinorum:effects, cont. • Behavioral • Restless • Non-responsive • No impulse control • At risk when unsupervised • Motor control • Depth perception

  19. Salvia divinorum:Risks and testing • YouTube – Salvia Bad Trips • Highly unpredictable • Random rapid movements • Injury to self or others • Non-responsive to intervention • Fatal accidents and falls • Testing is limited

  20. Bath salts • Vanilla Skye, Red Dove, Blue Silk, Ocean Burst • Not for Human Consumption • Smoked, snorted, oral • Injected

  21. Bath salts, cont • Contents: • Mephedrone • Plant food • Similar to amphetamine • MDPV • Similar to Ritalin • Party enhancer • Mimics ecstasy • TFMPP • Hallucinogenic • Less powerful

  22. Bath salts:effects • Physical • Increased heart rate and blood pressure • Stimulant, high energy • Restlessness • Decreased appetite • Impaired sleep • Social/Emotional • Euphoria • Excitement • Alertness • Increased sexuality • Behavioral • Manic • Repetitive behaviors

  23. Bath salts:risks • Unpredictable • Agitation and fearfulness • Sleep deficits • Aggressive paranoia • Psychosis • Seizures • Coma • Suicidal ideation

  24. Bath salts:legal status and testing • Illegal to distribute or possess • Except for TFMPP • Testing is specialized

  25. Empathogens • Molly • MDMA

  26. Empathogens • 2c-I Smiles • Several Fatal Events

  27. hallucinogens • DMT • Dimethyltriptamine • Businessman's Lunch

  28. From the kitchen • Nutmeg • Long lasting • Side effects • Hallucinogenic

  29. Alcohol: social learning • Mood • Conflict/stress • Celebration

  30. Adolescent Brain Factors, cont. • Differential response to alcohol • Liver enzyme production • Childhood medication regulations

  31. Adolescent brain factors, cont. • Duke University study • Low negatives • High positives • At-Risk population • Genetics • High sensitivity • One-third to one-half as likely • 10% - 20% of population CYP2E1 enzyme

  32. At-risk • Family environment • Emotional disorder • Mental health issue • Learning disorder • School failure

  33. Alcohol: new products • Alcohol treats • Pocket Shots

  34. Alcohol: new products, cont. • Whipped Cream • Jell-O Shots

  35. Alcohol: new products, cont. • Malt Beverages • Malt brewed beer • Sugars • Flavors • 20 – 24 ounces • 7 – 13% alcohol

  36. Alcohol: combinations • Robo-shots • Dextromethorphan • Opioid cough suppressant • Plus alcohol • Rapid and powerful intoxication • Motor control • Impulse control • Delusional

  37. Alcohol andprescription pain medications • Oxycontin • Vicodin • Roxanol • Opana

  38. Alcohol and heroin • Pain Medication • Street Drug • Routes of Administration

  39. RISK FACTORS • Addiction • Infection • Overdose

  40. Alcohol and Caffeine mix. • Impact on Brain • Two systems activated • Stimulatory – caffeine • Biphasic – alcohol • Harvard University study • “Wide Awake Drunk”

  41. Alcohol and caffeine: Risk factors • Physical • Energized • Uncoordinated • 30% drop in glucose uptake in motor cortex • 30% drop in glucose uptake in visual cortex • Slower reaction time

  42. Alcohol and caffeine: Risk factors • High risk when operating any moving vehicle • Auto/motorcycle • 32% of all crashes alcohol-related • Boat • 60% of fatalities alcohol-related • Bike/skateboard • High risk: • Swimming • Heights • Parties

  43. Alcohol and caffeine: Risk factors, cont. • Behavioral • Sense of competence • Aggressive social interactions • Twice as likely to suffer physical injury • Twice as likely to get in fights • Twice as likely to be either a victim or a perpetrator of sexual assault

  44. Alcohol: Other products • Hand Sanitizer • Infused Marijuana

  45. Alcohol: Route of administration • Oral • Mucous membranes • Inhalation

  46. Alcohol: impact onadolescent brain • Duke University study • NMDA pathways • Adult brain • Calming effect • Adolescent brain • Biphasic – excitatory effect • It’s a party!

  47. Alcohol: impact onadolescent brain, cont. • NMDA pathways • 48 hours – calcium overrun • Cell death • One year of binge drinking • 10% loss of PFC volume • Logic, reason, executive function

  48. Alcohol: impact onadolescent brain, cont. • One year of binge drinking • 10% loss of hippocampus volume • Memory • Motivation • Social behaviors • Learn how to study • Appropriate social interaction • Ask for help

  49. Alcohol: Social behaviors • Heavy drinkers in adolescence: • 7 times more likely to have multiple sexual partners • 6 times more likely to cut class in college; skip school in middle and high school • 4 times more likely to engage in vandalism and theft • 3 times more likely to get in fights • 3 times more likely to be self-injurious

  50. Alcohol: the costs • Nine teens die each day in the US • 600,000 HS and college students injured per year • 70,000 alcohol-involved sexual assaults per year • Drop outs/Flunk outs • Unwanted pregnancies • Addiction potential

More Related