Women and Poverty Reduction Mme. Cui Yu

1. Women and Poverty Reduction Mme. Cui Yu Director General, Women’s Development Department All-China Women’s Federation

2. 缓解和消除贫困，实现全体人民的共同富裕，是中国政府始终不渝的宗旨缓解和消除贫困，实现全体人民的共同富裕，是中国政府始终不渝的宗旨 Alleviation and eradication of poverty and the attainment of common prosperity are the unremittent goals of Chinese Government.

3. 帮助贫困地区妇女儿童解决温饱问题，促进贫困地区妇女儿童事业发展，是妇联组织的一项重要任务帮助贫困地区妇女儿童解决温饱问题，促进贫困地区妇女儿童事业发展，是妇联组织的一项重要任务 It is an important task for women’s federations to address the shortage of food and clothing for women and children in poor areas, and to promote efforts in supporting them.

4. 双学双比活动：学文化、学科技、 比发展、比贡献 encouraging women in rural areas to acquire literacy and learn practical life skills, and to compete with each other for development and achievements

5. 妇女占多数的农村贫困人口数量从 1994年的8000万下降到2006年底的 2148万，减少了5852万 China’s population living in poverty dominated by women has reduced by 58,520,000, from 80,000,000 in 1994 to 21,480,000 in 2006 .

6. 一、中国制定有利于消除 妇女贫困的倾斜法律和政策 1. China formulates preferential laws and policies to help poor women out of poverty

7. 《中国妇女发展纲要（2001—2010年）》在总目标中提出要“保障妇女获得平等的就业机会和分享经济资源的权利，提高妇女的经济地位”《中国妇女发展纲要（2001—2010年）》在总目标中提出要“保障妇女获得平等的就业机会和分享经济资源的权利，提高妇女的经济地位” It was stipulated in the Development Program for Women in China (2001-2010) that women’s equal opportunities of employment and equal right to economic resources should be guaranteed to raise their economic status.

8. 在妇女与经济部分，又提出了“缓解贫困妇女程度、减少贫困妇女数量”的具体目标 The specific goal was set in the chapter of women and economic development to alleviate poverty of women and reduce the number of poor women.

9. 制定减少妇女贫困的政策措施，增加贫困妇女的经济收入 Policies and measures for poor women should be made to increase women’s income.

10. 引导和扶持农村妇女富余劳动力向非农产业转移 Surplus women labor force should be led and supported to transfer to non-agricultural sectors.

11. 国家为加强对农民工工作的研究指导，成立了农民工工作联席会议 To enhance research on and guidance over the issues of migrant workers, the government set up a joint meeting to deal with issues related to migrant workers.

12. 全国妇联作为成员单位之一，承担了六项工作职责，即保护女工和未成年工合法权益；做好女农民转移就业服务；组织农村妇女富余劳动力参加培训；建立女农民工劳动力输出和接收基地；发挥社区妇联组织作用，为女农民工提供服务；加强宣传，营造关心女农民工的良好氛围 As one of the member agencies, All-China Women’s Federation was commissioned with six major functions, namely, protecting the legitimate rights of women workers and minor workers, managing the transfer employment of women farmers, gathering surplus women labor force in rural areas into training, establishing basis to export and receive rural women workers, gearing up community-based women federations to serve them, and advocating for a favorable climate to care about them.

13. 按照同等优先的原则，积极支持贫困妇女参与实施扶贫项目，妇女参与人数占所有参与人数的比例不低于40%按照同等优先的原则，积极支持贫困妇女参与实施扶贫项目，妇女参与人数占所有参与人数的比例不低于40% In the principle of preference under equal conditions, poor women should be actively supported to take part in the execution of poverty reduction projects and their ratio to the total participants should be no less than 40%.

14. 《中华人民共和国农村土地承包法》将男女平等作为一项基本原则，规定妇女与男子享有平等的土地承包经营权 The Law of the People's Republic of China on Land Contract in Rural Areas was rolled out to include gender equality as a basic principle, stipulating that women enjoy the same contract right as men .

15. 二、妇联组织在政府的支持下，推动贫困妇女摆脱贫困 2. With government support, women’s organizations are helping poor women out of poverty

16. 全国妇联是中国最大的妇女团体All-China Women’s Federation is the biggest women organization in China

17. 全国妇联基本职能 Ｍajor Functions of All-China Women’s Federation 代表和维护妇女权益 促进男女平等 Represent and protect the right and interest of women, promote gender equality

18. 有国家、省、地、县、乡5级，约6万个妇联组织 There are about 60,000 women’s organizations at national, provincial, prefectural, county and township levels. • 村级基层妇代会、妇委会98万个 98000 meetings of women’s representatives and women’s commission at village level. • 5万多名专职妇联干部 and over 50000 government officials working for women

19. 1996年，国务院扶贫办与全国妇联联合开展“巾帼扶贫行动”，确定了“九五”期间帮助100万贫困妇女脱贫的目标1996年，国务院扶贫办与全国妇联联合开展“巾帼扶贫行动”，确定了“九五”期间帮助100万贫困妇女脱贫的目标 • In 1996, China State Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development (LGOP) joined All-China Women’s Federation in launching the Poverty-Reduction Action for Women, in which a goal was set to lift 1 million poor women out of poverty during the period of Ninth Five Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development.

20. 巾帼扶贫行动 Poverty-Reduction Action for Women

21. 要求各级政府把“巾帼扶贫行动”与当地的扶贫攻坚计划统筹安排、整体推进要求各级政府把“巾帼扶贫行动”与当地的扶贫攻坚计划统筹安排、整体推进 • It required governments at all levels to integrate the Action into local plans for poverty reduction

22. 要求各级妇联兴办投资少、见效快、与解决温饱直接相关的“巾帼扶贫”项目要求各级妇联兴办投资少、见效快、与解决温饱直接相关的“巾帼扶贫”项目 • It required women’s federations at all levels to initiate projects with low cost and fast effect that directly solve the problem of food and clothing for poor women

23. 要求各级扶贫部门对妇联申报的项目，在同等情况下给予优先安排要求各级扶贫部门对妇联申报的项目，在同等情况下给予优先安排 • It required poverty reduction agencies at all levels to give preferential treatment under equal conditions to projects applied by women’s federations

24. 要求整合各方面力量开展对贫困地区妇女的培训，提高贫困妇女的自我发展、摆脱贫困的能力要求整合各方面力量开展对贫困地区妇女的培训，提高贫困妇女的自我发展、摆脱贫困的能力 • It required that all relevant resources should be channeled to provide training for women, so as to raise their capability of self-development and getting out of poverty

25. （一）采取多项措施， 帮助妇女脱贫致富 1.1 A diversity of measures to help women out of poverty

26. 妇女扶贫开发工作推进会 一是开展教育培训，提高妇女脱贫能力Frist, education and training to enhance their capability to get out of poverty.

27. 七部委文件 Papers issued by the seven ministries and commissions of Chinese Government

28. 保证妇女参加培训者比例占到全体培训者的40%以上保证妇女参加培训者比例占到全体培训者的40%以上 Ensure the proportion of women in the whole trainees above 40%.

29. 各地妇联创办15万所农村妇女学校 Branches of the Federation throughout China set up more than 150 thousand schools targeting rural women

30. 创建20余万个各级各类农林科技 示范基地，带动贫困妇女脱贫致富 More than 200,000 demonstrative centers of agricultural technology have been established, playing a leading role in helping women out of poverty through applying technology

31. 在农业生产中，妇女参加农业劳动的比例达73.4%。在农业生产中，妇女参加农业劳动的比例达73.4%。 A survey done by ACWF shows that 73.4% of rural women participate in agricultural activities .

32. 在家庭经济收入中，妇女个人创造的收入占家庭收入的近一半。在家庭经济收入中，妇女个人创造的收入占家庭收入的近一半。 Income generated by women accounts for nearly half of the family income.

33. 在家庭经济管理中，八成以上由妇女单独或与丈夫共同管理 。 In more than 80% of the families women manage family economic affairs by themselves or together with their husbands.

34. 78.6%的妇女参加村委会选举投票 It is also shown that 78.6% of rural women vote in the village committee election

35. 近半数妇女愿意参加村委会干部竞选 Nearly half of the women are willing to run for place in the committee

36. 60%以上的农村妇女有幸福感， 80%的妇女对未来生活有信心 60% some rural women said that they are happy about their life and 80% of the rural women are confident and positive about their future.

37. 二是依托项目带动， 加快妇女脱贫步伐 II. Helping women out of poverty through projects.

38. 为解决项目、资金、技能对贫困妇女脱贫的制约，全国妇联和各地妇联组织从妇女实际出发，结合当地经济发展条件，积极争取政府扶持，多方筹措资金，建立健全工作机制、规范项目运作方式，不断创新扶贫模式。为解决项目、资金、技能对贫困妇女脱贫的制约，全国妇联和各地妇联组织从妇女实际出发，结合当地经济发展条件，积极争取政府扶持，多方筹措资金，建立健全工作机制、规范项目运作方式，不断创新扶贫模式。

39. Lack of projects, finance and skills among poor rural women presents a serious restriction to their efforts of shaking off poverty. In order to address this problem, ACWF and women’s federations at all levels work actively to obtain support from the government and raise money from all sources to develop projects based on local realities.

40. 小额信贷作为一种扶贫资金直接到户的扶贫方式，对消除农村和城市低收入阶层的贫困具有重要的作用。 Meanwhile efforts are also made to improve projects management and create new models of poverty-reduction.

41. 目前，全国已有 28个省区市妇联 实施规模不等的 小额信贷项目 At present, micro-credit projects of various forms and sizes have been carried out in 28 provinces .

42. 越来越多的贫困 妇女成为小额信 贷项目的直接参 与者和受益者 autonomous regions and municipalities, with more and more poor women becoming participants and beneficiaries.

43. 内蒙古赤峰市妇联连续 6年争取扶贫项目， 为8500多个家庭提供 小额信贷资金2880万元， 户均增收1435元， 还款率为100% Chifeng City Women’s Federation has been implementing a UNDP poverty-reduction project for 6 years, which provided 28.8 million RMB yuan of micro-credit to 8500 poor families, with a 100% pay-back rate and an average income increase of 1,435 RMB yuan per family.

44. 三是提高组织化程度， 提升妇女脱贫质量 III. Getting organized to improve the quality of poverty-reduction

45. 目前，全国有各种规模和类型的农村 妇女专业技术协会5万多个 At present, there are more than 50,000 business technological associations

46. 全国有农村妇女专业合作社近万个 Nearly 10,000 cooperative groups of various sizes in various forms for rural women throughout the country.

47. 四是加强区域合作， 拓宽妇女扶贫领域 Ⅳ. Strengthening regional cooperation and expanding fields of poverty- alleviation for women

48. 对口帮扶、定点扶贫 Setting up partnership between the richer ones and the poorer ones

49. 五是动员社会力量， 关爱贫困地区妇女儿童 Ⅴ.Mobilize all walks of life into caring for women and children in poor areas.

50. 母亲水窖 The Water Cellar for Mother s project has raised 170 million RMB yuan and built 100,000 rainwater-collecting wells and 1,100 small water-supply projects in 23 provinces, autonomous regions in northwestern China, an area known for its lack of water.