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Understanding Neglected Diseases: Challenges and Implications for Global Health

Neglected diseases are prevalent among impoverished populations in tropical and developing areas due to poor living conditions and limited healthcare access. This overview highlights the global health challenges posed by neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), including their common features and the reluctance of pharmaceutical companies to invest in them. Despite significant funding for major diseases like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria, NTDs often receive less attention and funding. Understanding these issues is crucial for improving health outcomes in affected regions.

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Understanding Neglected Diseases: Challenges and Implications for Global Health

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  1. Neglected disease Teguh Marfen Djajakusumah, dr., MKes., SpB (K)V

  2. Definition • Global health organizations define neglected diseases as those that are prevalent among impoverished and marginalized populations in the developing world. Tropical environments, poor living conditions, and limited access to health care contribute to the risk and spread of these diseases. http://www.ott.nih.gov/Technologies/NegDis_ovrvw.aspx

  3. Why neglected?

  4. Why tropical and developing countries?

  5. The big three • HIV/AIDS • TBC • Malaria Nearly 80% of 2.5 billion dollar went to the big three! Frew SE, Liu VY, Singer PA. A business Plan to help the “global south” in its fight against neglected disease. Health Aff (Millwood). 2009;28(6):1760–73

  6. Common features of NTD * First WHO report on NTD, 2010

  7. Common features of NTD

  8. Why pharmacies are reluctant to ntd’s? • NTDs are not an attractive market for pharmaceutical industries • The patent system • Limited fund for research J Med Ethics 2009;35:310–314. doi:10.1136/jme.2008.027078

  9. List of NTD’s Podoconiosis YAWS

  10. NTD’s today http://www.neglecteddiseases.gov/

  11. USAID NTD program: • Onchocerciasis • Schistosomiasis • Trachoma • Lymphatic Filariasis • Soil-Transmitted helminthiasis • Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation • Onchocerciasis • Dengue • Japanese encephalitis • Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) • Visceral Leishmaniasis • Hookworm disease • Dracunculiasis • Lymphatic filariasis • African Trypanosomiasis

  12. Group assignment Group I : Neglected Disease • An overview of neglected disease • Why the diseases termed as ‘neglected’? • With what diseases should it be compared with? • What implication that some diseases have been neglected in medical research? Group II: The high cost of drug discovery • An overview about drug discovery (including vaccine development) • Why drug discovery become very expensive? • What do you think of it? • What should medical community should do about it?

  13. Group assignment Group III: Life style drug and Me-too drug • An overview of ‘life-style’ drugs • Why the world spend more money on life-style drugs • Why do ‘life-style’ drugs receive more attention from pharmaceutical company than other drugs? • Give examples on how the money has been spent on ‘life-style’ drugs compared to others • ‘Me-too’ drugs

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