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Project X (Accelerator) Update: Goals, Status, and Strategy

Project X (Accelerator) Update: Goals, Status, and Strategy. Steve Holmes Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5, 2013. Outline. Project X Goals Design Development Technology Development Moving Project X Forward Our website : projectx.fnal.gov/. Project X Goals.

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Project X (Accelerator) Update: Goals, Status, and Strategy

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  1. Project X (Accelerator) Update:Goals, Status, and Strategy Steve Holmes Fermilab Physics Advisory Committee June 5, 2013

  2. Outline • Project X Goals • Design Development • Technology Development • Moving Project X Forward Our website: projectx.fnal.gov/ PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  3. Project X Goals Our goal is to construct and operate the foremost Intensity Frontier facility in the world. • Broadband attack on central questions of particle physics utilizing neutrino, kaon, muon, nucleon, and atomic probes • 6 MW of site-wide beam power to multiple experiments, with flexible beam formats, at energies ranging from 233 MeV to 120 GeV • Platform for future development of a Neutrino Factory or Muon Collider • Possible missions beyond particle physics • Energy and materials applications PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  4. Reference Design A complete design concept exists (Reference Design Report) • 3 GeV CW superconducting H- linac with 1 mA average beam current. • Spallation-based program (nucleon/energy applications) at 1 GeV (1 MW) • Rare processes programs at 1 and 3 GeV (up to 3 MW) • Flexible provision for variable beam structures to multiple users • 3-8 GeV pulsed linac capable of delivering 340 kW at 8 GeV • Enhanced performance for short and long-baseline neutrino programs • Establishes a path toward a muon-based facility • Upgrades to the Recycler and Main Injector to provide ≥ 2 MW to the neutrino production target at 60-120 GeV. • Utilization of a CW linac creates a facility that is unique in the world, with performance that cannot be matched in a circular accelerator based facility. PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  5. Reference Design Performance Goals CW Linac Particle Type H- Beam Kinetic Energy 3.0 GeV Average Beam Current (@ 1 GeV) 2 mA Average Beam Current (@ 3 GeV 1 mA Beam Power to 1 GeV program 1000kW Beam Power to 3 GeV program 2870 kW Pulsed Linac Particle Type H- Beam Kinetic Energy 8.0 GeV Pulse rate10Hz Pulse Width 4.3 msec Cycles to Recycler/MI 6 Particles per cycle to Recycler/MI2.71013 Beam Power 340 kW Beam Power to 8 GeV program170 kW Main Injector/Recycler Beam Kinetic Energy (maximum) 120 GeV Cycle time 1.2 sec Particles per cycle 1.51014 Beam Power at 120 GeV 2400 kW simultaneous PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  6. Flexible Beam Structures(Example/Stage 1) Bunch pattern created in the MEBT 1 mA f0/2 1 GeV Transverse RF splitter at 1 GeV 0.91 mA 0.09 mA 1 msec RFQ beam current: 3.64 mA PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  7. Staging • Fiscal considerations/constraints have motivated development of a staging plan • Staging principles: • Compelling physics opportunities at each stage • Cost of each stage substantially <$1B • Utilize existing infrastructure to the extent possible at each stage • Minimize interruptions to the ongoing program at each stage • Achieve full Reference Design capabilities at end of final stage • Three stage plan developed in January 2012 – fleshed out over last year • Reference Design siting plan developed consistent with staging PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  8. StagingSite Plan PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  9. Staged Physics Program Project X Campaign * Operating point in range depends on MI energy for neutrinos. ** Operating point in range is depends on MI injector slow-spill duty factor (df) for kaon program. PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  10. R&D Program • The goal is to mitigate risk: technical/cost/schedule • Technical Risks • Front End (PXIE – Project X Injector Experiment) • H- injection system • Booster in Stage 1, 2; Recycler in Stage 3 • High Intensity Recycler/Main Injector operations • High Power targets • Cost Risks • Superconducting rf • Cavities, cryomodules, rf sources – CW to long-pulse • Nearly all elements are in play at Stage 1 • Goal is to be prepared for a construction start in 2018 – most likely Stage 1 (and perhaps Stage 2) PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  11. Linac Technology Map PXIE RFQ LEBT b=0.11 MEBT b=0.22 b=0.51 b=0.61 b=0.9 b=1.0 RT CW Pulsed 325 MHz 10-177 MeV 1.3 GHz 3-8 GeV 650 MHz 0.18-3 GeV 162.5 MHz 0.03-11 MeV PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  12. Project X Injector ExperimentPXIE • PXIE is the centerpiece of the PX R&D program • Integrated systems test for Project X front end components • Validate concept for Project X front end, thereby minimizing primary technical risk element within the Reference Design • Operate at full Project X design parameters • Systems test goals • 1 mA average current with 80% chopping of beam delivered from RFQ • Efficient acceleration with minimal emittance dilution through ~30 MeV • PXIE will utilize components constructed to Project X specifications wherever possible • Opportunity to re-utilize selected pieces of PXIE in PX/Stage 1 • Collaboration between Fermilab, ANL, LBNL, SNS, India PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  13. PXIE Layout MEBT SSR1 HWR HEBT RFQ LEBT 40 m, ~25 MeV PXIE will address the address/measure the following: • LEBT pre-chopping • Vacuum management in the LEBT/RFQ region • Validation of chopper performance • Bunch extinction • MEBT beam absorber • MEBT vacuum management • Operation of HWR in close proximity to 10 kW absorber • Operation of SSR with beam • Emittance preservation and beam halo formation through the front end PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  14. PXIE StatusTechnical • Technical Components • Ion source operational and characterized (LBNL→FNAL) • LEBT emittance scanner procurement initiated (SNS) • LEBT solenoids ordered (FNAL) • RFQ design complete and procurements initiated (LBNL) • HWR cavity design complete and procurements initiated; CM design in process (ANL) • SSR1 cavity prototypes characterized; CM design in process (FNAL) • Chopper proof-of-principle prototypes and driver development (FNAL, SLAC) • Infrastructure • Siting established at CMTF • Shielded enclosure under construction PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  15. PXIE Enclosure at CMTF PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  16. PXIE time line • Stage 1 complete – early FY17 (~Nov 2016) • Beam delivered to the end of MEBT with nearly final parameters (2.1 MeV, 1 mA CW, 80% arbitrary chopping) • SSR1 tested at full rf power • Stage 2 complete – Aug 2017 • HWR tested at full rf power • Stage 3 complete – Aug 2018 • All elements in place including final kicker and HEBT instrumentation • Beam through HWR and SSR1 PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  17. SRF Acceleration Energy gain/cavity for the CW Linac (0-3 GeV) PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  18. SRF DevelopmentStatus and Plans PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  19. SRF DevelopmentSSR1 (325 MHz) Bare and dressed prototype SSR1 cavity • Two prototypes fabricated by industry, processed in collaboration with ANL, and tested at Fermilab as part of HINS program • One cavity dressed with He vessel, coupler tuner • Two cavities in fabrication at IUAC-Delhi (Q3 FY13 ) • Ten cavities fabricated by US industry (all have arrived, 6 tested) • Tests in progress PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  20. SRF DevelopmentSSR1 (325 MHz) Bare cavity at 2 K Microphonics Active Damping: SSR1 dressed cavity Gradient/Q0 performance: SSR1 bare cavity at 2 K PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  21. SRF Development650 MHz PAC June 2013, S. Holmes • Prototypes: • Two single-cell b=0.6 cavities received (JLab) • Six single-cell b = 0.9 cavities received; four five-cell on order (AES) • Five single-cell b = 0.9 cavities ordered(PAVAC, ARRA funds) • Prototypes at both b under fabrication in India • Infrastructure modifications completed for 650 MHz • Vertical Test Stand • Cavity handling & HPR tooling • Optical inspection system • New electro-polishing tool (ANL)

  22. SRF Development650 MHz • Jan 29: EP only; • Feb 15: EP+120C bake; • Feb 19: BCP only. Gradient/Q0 performance: 650 MHz, b=0.9., single cell at at 2 K PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  23. SRF DevelopmentImproving Q0 • NbN: superconductor with higher Tc (~16K, compared to 9.2K for Nb); • Nitridization: simple and inexpensive modification to standard Nb treatments. • First result at FNAL: world record Q ~ 7.5e10 at 2K and 10MV/m for a 1.3GHz single cell cavity; residual resistance <0.5 nOhm! • HF rinse: • Single HF rinse (5 min) followed by water rinse is beneficial for the medium field Q value – gains of up to 35% measured at 70 mT, • f=1.3 GHz (Bpeak/Eacc=4.26 mT/MeV/m). PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  24. Moving Project X ForwardStrategy • Maintain strong engagement with U.S. strategic planning processes • DOE/SC Ten-Year Facilities Strategy • APS/DPF Community Summer Study (Snowmass on the Mississippi) • Maintain CD-0 documentation in a continuing state of readiness • Up-to-date Reference Design Report • Up-to-date Construction Cost Estimate (by stage) • Up-to-date resource requirements for the pre-CD3 phase • Align R&D program with risk reduction associated with the Reference Design • Priority on Stages 1 and 2 • Prepare for FY18 construction start • Support DOE in negotiating contributions from India PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  25. Moving Project X ForwardDOE • DOE Intensity Frontier Workshop • Direct input into all WGs – good coverage in final report in all topical areas www.intensityfrontier.org • Office of Science Facilities Plan • Presentations and Whitepapers to HEPAP Facilities Subpanel indico.fnal.gov/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=6381 The importance and breadth of the research program that the Project X accelerator facility enables and enhances leads the accelerator facility to be classified as absolutely central. Although R&D is still required for the spallation target needed by some experiments, all stages of the Project X accelerator facility are ready to initiate construction. Project X experiments that compose the research program range from important to absolutely central, but scientifically the Project X research program as a whole is classified as absolutely central. Being in the planning phase, the construction readiness of the Project X research program is classified as mission and technical requirements not yet fully defined, although some experiments are beyond this phase. • Office of High Energy Physics • ~Monthly teleconference with Director to lay out development strategy PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  26. Moving Project X ForwardHEP Community Engagement • Many colloquia, seminars, conference talks… • 2012 Project X Physics Study • June 14-23, 2012 • 217 registrants (153 non-Fermilab) indico.fnal.gov/event/projectxps12 • Snowmass 2013 • Conveners assigned in relevant groups • S. Nagaitsev: Frontier Capabilities/High Intensity Secondary Beams Driven by Protons • R. Tschirhart: Intensity Frontier – Frontier Capabilities liaison • Intensity Frontier/HISBDP/BNL indico.bnl.gov/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=617 • Intensity Frontier Workshop/ANL indico.fnal.gov/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=6248 • Volume in preparation: RDR, Research Program, Broader Impacts • Online roll-out online at the Users Meeting (June 13); to printer June 20 PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  27. Moving Project X ForwardCommunity Engagement beyond HEP • Many colloquia, seminars, conference talks… • Project X Energy Station Workshop • Jointly organized by Fermilab and PNNL • Participation from DOE/NE and DOE/SC (including FES) • Discussion/development of “Energy Station” concept https://indico.fnal.gov/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=5836 • FESAC Report to SC Facilities Plan identified Fusion Material Irradiation Facility as: Science Assessment; “absolutely central” Readiness Assessment: “ready to initiate construction” “Viable facility options that meet the mission needs described above include US participation in IFMIF, MTS and Project X.” • Project X Muon Spin Rotation (MuSR) Forum • TRIUMF is only Western Hemisphere facility • Natural domain is BES https://indico.fnal.gov/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=6025 PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  28. PNNL Energy Station Concept evolving into Project X Integrated Target Station 1 GeV protons Cold Neutrons Physics Isotopes Fusion Materials Spallation Target Goal • Develop integrated spallation target station concept to serve DOE-NE, DOE-SC-FES/HEP/NP experimental needs Fission Materials Rational • CW spallation neutron source could augment limited US irradiation testing capability • Synergy between Physics experimental needs and materials testing for fusion and fission communities Project X – Stage 1 • Could provide ~1 MW of beam dedicated to a spallation neutron source for nuclear materials and fuels research (Energy Station) or shared with a physics mission facility with similar neutron source requirements (Integrated Target Station)

  29. Project X Integrated Target Station has the potential to benefit several areas (beyond HEP) • Highest priority opportunities within the US Nuclear and Fusion energy programs are irradiation of fusion and fast reactor structural materials. • Must provide a fusion and fast reactor relevant neutron flux at a minimum of 20 dpaper calendar year in a reasonable irradiation volume. • Enable the in-situ real-time measurements of various separate-effects phenomena in fuels or materials, which would be very valuable to the modeling and simulation technical community. Such capabilities are more feasible in an accelerator-based system than a reactor • integral effects testing of fast reactor fuels, including driver fuel, minor actinide burning fuel, and transmutation of spent fuel. • support DOE Office of Nuclear Energy plus Office of Science programs • Materials Program - Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) • Isotope Production Program – Nuclear Physics (NP) • ultra cold neutrons – Nuclear Physics (NP)

  30. Lead Matrix Test Region • Solid lead with gas or water cooling • ~ 2 m diameter, 3 m length • Low n absorb/ High n scatter • High n flux/ Fast n spectrum • Acts as gamma shield • Closed Loop Test Modules • Removable/replaceable/customizable • Independent cooling system • n spectrum/material/temp/pressure to match reactor conditions • ~30 cm dia • Spallation Target • Liquid Pb-Bi • >30 neutrons/proton • 1 GeV protons penetrate ~50 cm in lead • Neutrons Similar to fission spectrum • Samples can be irradiated in proton beam • Adding W or U can increase n flux density • Small volume ~ 10 cm dia, 60 cm length • Cleanup system for spallation products • Project X Proton Beam • 1mA @ 1 GeV (1 MW) • Reflector • Steel/iron/nickel • High n scatter • Flattens n flux distribution Fast Spectrum Test Module: SFR, LFR, GFR Project X Energy Station Concept Thermal Spectrum Test Module: LWR, HTGR, MSR

  31. Possible Muon Spin Resonance at Project X • mSR is a technique invented by Garwin and Lederman. • Polarized Muons from stopped pions embedded in material. Spin precession gives information on local fields. • No U.S. facility since LAMPF. • PSI, J-PARC, TRIUMF, ISIS (RAL) have active programs • Programs tend to only be able to handle 50% of current demand. • Likely construction of a beamline at RISP also. • Synergy with neutron scattering – real space vs. Fourier transform space. User communities overlap.

  32. Concept for Project X • Of greatest scientific interest right now are very low-energy muons (LEM), ~few keV for studies of 10-100 nm depths. • LEM requires high power beam. (~5 x 10-13mper proton). PX provides competitive intensities and can benefit from being a new facility to use optimized targetry and beamlines. • PX beam flexibility can also be exploited via multiple low-power beamlines of conventional (4 MeV) muons. • These beams can be used for fundamental physics. • Classic example is muonium-antimuonium oscillation search. Depth Profile of typical LEM experiment

  33. Status and Activities • At present, design is “discussional”. Concepts and layouts being explored. • Little experience => making contacts with experts. • Extremely successful MuSR Workshop held at FNAL, October 17-19 2012 • Attended by most major experts in the field. • Accelerators, materials science, chemistry. • University and laboratory scientists, international. • Together with ongoing interactions, it is forming the basis of a section for “Broader Impacts” document for Project X. • “Pre-conceptual” layout and capabilities generated for that purpose, and to encourage further work.

  34. Moving Project X ForwardCollaboration • Organized as a “national project with international participation” • Fermilab as lead laboratory • Collaboration MOUs for the RD&D phase : NationalIIFC ANL ORNL/SNS BARC/Mumbai BNL PNNL IUAC/Delhi Cornell UTenn* RRCAT/Indore Fermilab TJNAF VECC/Kolkata LBNL SLAC MSU ILC/ART NCSU* • Recent additions are bringing capabilities we need for experimental programs, in particular neutron targets • Ongoing collaboration/contacts with NGLS (LBNL), RISP (Korea), RAL/FETS (UK), ESS (Sweden), SPL (CERN), China/ADS PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  35. CollaborationIndian Institutions • U.S. DOE – Indian DAE Implementing Agreement on “Accelerator and Particle Detector Research & Development for Discovery Science” – signed in July 2011 • Specific MOUs to be written underneath this agreement • Annex I covers Project X (currently under negotiation) • Significant Indian in-kind contribution possible (3 GeVlinac) • Major areas of collaborative development • Superconducting rf (cavities and cryomodules) • RF sources • LLRF • Instrumentation • Cryogenics • Goal of the R&D program is to create capabilities in India to allow contribution to the construction phase (of PX…or their own facility) PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  36. Summary • Project X represents a unique opportunity for the U.S. to establish a world leading Intensity Frontier program that will persist for decades. • Broadband attack on central questions of particle physics utilizing neutrino, kaon, muon, nucleon, and atomic probes • 6 MW beam power available at energies ranging from 1 to 120 GeV • Platform for future development of a Neutrino Factory or MuonCollider • Reference Design represents a complete, integrated, concept meeting the primary mission goals established for Project X • Unmatched by any other facility, either in existence or in the planning stages, within the world today. • Staging strategy with compelling physics opportunities at each stage • R&D program underway • Directly tied to mitigating risks associated with the Reference Design, and preparing for construction • Project X could start construction in the second half of this decade PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  37. Backup Slides PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  38. Beam Structure (Stage 2,3; example) RFQ beam current: 5.0 mA PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  39. PXIE StatusOrganizational • PXIE is not a Project; it is a (major) sub-set of the Project X R&D Program • Organization Chart • Resource Loaded Schedule • Complete design concept • Technical Design Handbook • Complete set of Functional Requirements Specifications • Major (Internal) Technical Reviews PXIE Program March 2012 HWR Design March 2012 RFQ Design April 2012 RFQ Design Update November 2012 • DOE Technical, Cost, Schedule Review: January 2013 • Funding Plan • Devoting ~70% of Project X and 25% of SRF funds to PXIE PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  40. PXIE MEBT #1-Emitttance, laser, Wire scanner, scrapper #0- Scrapper, RF #7-Scrapper, RF, Slow valve, Extinction monitor #8 – Fast valve, DCCT, Toroid, Laser wire, wire scrapper, Scrapper ? Slow valve, Toroid #5-Absorber, OTR #2-Kicker #4-Kicker #6–Diff. pumping, scrapper, wire scanner, #3-Wire scanner, fast Faraday cup, RF Passing beam Chopped beam PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  41. Project X Goals The goal is to construct and operate the foremost Intensity Frontier facility in the world. • A neutrino beam for long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments • 2 MW proton source at 60-120 GeV • MW-class proton beams at 1 & 3 GeV for kaon, muon, neutrino, and nuclei/ nuetron based precision experiments • Operations simultaneous with the neutrino program • A path toward a muon source for possible future Neutrino Factory and/or a Muon Collider • Upgradable to ~4 MW at ~5-15 GeV • Possible missions beyond particle physics • Energy and materials applications PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  42. SRF DevelopmentProject X Cavity Requirements *Leff=Gn/2, n is number of cells, ** Duty factor is 8% PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  43. SRF Plan PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  44. Chopper Driver PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  45. SRF Development650 MHz Gradient/Q0 performance: Single cell b=0.6 cavities from JLab PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  46. PNNL Energy Station Concept A new approach utilizing the flexibility of an accelerator neutron source with spectral tailoring coupled with a careful design of a set of independent test loops can provide a flexible neutron test station for DOE NE applications

  47. Spectrum Tailoring Can Simulate A Different Reactor in Each Module Sodium/steel Module Lead/steel Module Water/Zr Light Water Module Graphite/He Module

  48. Moving Project X ForwardCommunity Engagement PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

  49. mSR 2 mSR 1 mSR 3 Spallation mSRMuons Muon Area/Booster f0/2 filter mSR 4 Project X Protons mSR Target mSR target Protons to Spallation f0/4 filter LEM target LEM 1 LEM 2 Protons to Muon/Booster Low Energy Muons for mSR

  50. Cost Estimate • Bottoms up estimate based on the Reference Design • Estimate is for the construction period, CD-3 through CD-4 • Based on construction duration of 5 years/stage • Scope is from ion source through kickers and/or separators • DOE style estimate, includes • Purchases from vendors • All labor (FNAL rates) • All overheads (FNAL rates) • Contingency (40%) • Does not account for possible Indian in-kind contribution • Estimate in FY2013 dollars: Stage 1 $670M Stage 2 $500M Stage 3 $660M PAC June 2013, S. Holmes

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