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The industrial gamma ray inspection: a global approach for a radiation protection issue

This article explores the industrial gamma ray inspection process, analyzing incidents, discovering the complexities, and proposing areas for improvement in order to enhance radiation protection.

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The industrial gamma ray inspection: a global approach for a radiation protection issue

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  1. The industrial gamma ray inspection: a global approach for a radiation protection issue Gonzague ABELA

  2. 1 -  First descriptions of the gamma shooting • An unknown nightly activity ; • A « risky » activity ; • Reliable materials; Entité d'appartenance

  3. Take the source out of the storage Beaconing and installation Source ejection Removing of the tooling Source storage Source back in the camera A « simple » work: it would be enough to follow the good procedures Entité d'appartenance

  4. 2 – The incidents analyse • A strong media impact ; • Different perception from the exposure levels • Analyses focused on the operators Entité d'appartenance

  5. 3 - The discovery of a complex activity • 3.1 – Many stages Entité d'appartenance

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  7. The material necessary Entité d'appartenance

  8. 3.2 - Variabilities • Preparation • Variable Knowledge of NDT according to sites; • More or less detailed files an area plans; • Few or not detailed preliminary visits of the work area; • Preparation a more or less integrated stage, even very limited; Entité d'appartenance

  9. Variabilities • Carrying out • Implantation of the source storage; • Size of the exclusion area (negotiation, intrusion) ; • Storage and transportation of the tooling ; • Accessibility with the weldings ; • Circuits full of water, positioning of the scaffolding, insulation removing. Entité d'appartenance

  10. Variabilities • Realization • Alternations of waiting and of temporal pressure; • Material incidents; • Physical environments (dosimetry, contamination, lighting) • Adjustment of the exposure times; • Incidents of development; Entité d'appartenance

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  13. 3.4 – The difficulties • The transport of the equipment; • Wearing of load; • Risks postures; • Night-work; • To fight against micro-phases of sleep • The cost of vigilance; • Changes of rhythms Entité d'appartenance

  14. 4 - Another glance on incidents • « Vigilance it is work  » • Multicausality of the accidents; • From lack of attentionto lack of vigilance; Entité d'appartenance

  15. Organization in the action • Intrusion in the beaconing; • Search for information-documents • Waitings-New requests • Organisational Insulation • Individual: • Night-work (phases of micro-sleep) • Routine • Tires • Painfulness (effort-postures) • Interruptions • Conditions of recovery (sleep, food, drugs…) • Organisation : • Change of sites and time of transfer • Instability of the collectives • temporal Pressure • preparation, No. of radio, etc.) • rganisational pressure (waited other actors) Vigilance is work • Environment • Accessibility • Physical Environments (lighting, …) • Dose rate • Contamination Risks • Equipment • Incidents, blocking, • Presentation of information • Carriages and storage Factors of degradation of vigilance Entité d'appartenance

  16. 5 – Area For Improvement Propositions • Analyze accidents: not to stick only at the individual level and the carelessness ; • To limit the factors of degradation of vigilance to the levels: • Individual; • Organisational ; • Technique; Entité d'appartenance

  17. Area For Improvement Propositions • Organisation • Inequalities of knowledge of trade NDT on the sites; • Unequal conditions of preparation; • Collectives of radiologists burst in perpetual recombining (which management by the companies?); • Organisational insulation Entité d'appartenance

  18. Area For Improvement Propositions • Technique • Redundancy of alarms; • The information given by the camera; • Revolutions counters; • Permanent locations of the weldings; • Means of fixing of the nozzles; • Means of handling and storage facilities; • Physical environments (lighting, dosimetry) the adaptation of the combinations (window, pockets etc.) Technique Entité d'appartenance

  19. Area For Improvement Propositions • Training • Growing old Population; • Stabilization and transfer of know-how; • Setting in situation and taking into account of variabilities in the initial formations; • Places of training Entité d'appartenance

  20. Area For Improvement Propositions • Health and life with work • a population "exposed" to difficult working conditions: need for taking care of it; • An inventory of fixtures as regards health necessary; • Which taking into account of health in daily • organisation of the companies • The management of displacements and lodging • Evaluation of the risks Entité d'appartenance

  21. Area For Improvement Propositions • …… Entité d'appartenance

  22. A SFRP COFREND Working group • Who ? • Radiation Protection Specialists not only from NDT Cies, and Nuclear Industry (Oil industry, …) • Authority Body engineers • NDT managers • NDT operators • Transport experts, … • 60 people Entité d'appartenance

  23. A SFRP COFREND Working group • What ? • Applicable regulation • Feedback experience from incidents, and its use: http://relir.cepn.asso.fr/ • Technical training • The material and associated equipments • Dosimetry • Help for a risk evaluation (Social, Oranisational, Human approaches) • Self assesment guide • Distribution of the responsabilities • Transportation Entité d'appartenance

  24. PRACTICE IN EDF : storage • Coordination is responsibility for the OPERATOR • the source is put under the responsibility for the site Entité d'appartenance

  25. PRACTICE IN EDF : licence of gamma-ray inspection • A licence of gamma-ray inspection identical on all the sites • the description of the responsibilities is specified • To aim at a licence of shooting = to engage its responsibility Entité d'appartenance

  26. PRACTICE IN EDF : The "personal element" • "engagements of the client of the site » : • 8 points to help the radiographer to prepare, perfom his job, and to support confidence to be able to identify and treat the variations Entité d'appartenance

  27. PRACTICE IN EDF : The plans of beaconing • Standardized and filed plans of beaconing Entité d'appartenance

  28. 4,4 T Bq (120 Ci) Ir-192 PRACTICE IN EDF : The limitation of the zones of beaconing • The more reduced one zone of exclusion is, the more it is tight: Entité d'appartenance

  29. PRACTICE IN EDF : The limitation of the zones of beaconing The european practices (EAN WG) Entité d'appartenance

  30. PRACTICE IN EDF : The sound alarm dosimeter ALL the radiographers wear such dosimeter Entité d'appartenance

  31. PRACTICE IN EDF : The sentinel • Put in the vicinity of the sources and camera • Backgroud measurement • Light switch on when the Dose Rate increases • Light switch of when the Dose Rate decreases Entité d'appartenance

  32. PRACTICE IN EDF : a specific carriage Entité d'appartenance

  33. PRACTICE IN EDF : a specific beaconing Entité d'appartenance

  34. Strong messages • To take care of vigilance • The risk of an organisational insulation • A degradation of the working conditions of the radiologists Entité d'appartenance

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