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Group 6 Topic: Hydro-electric power. PrepIII - W Group Members: Rabia Rizwan Marium Javed Fatima Arshad. HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER. What is meant by Hydro-electricity?.
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Group 6Topic: Hydro-electric power • PrepIII - W • Group Members: • Rabia Rizwan • Marium Javed • Fatima Arshad
What is meant by Hydro-electricity? • Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy.
How is Hydro-electric Power Produced? • Hydro turbines are used for the production of electricity and they function according to the flow of water. From a hydro turbine there is a shaft going to the generator, the hydro turbine spins rapidly making the shaft spin inside a magnetic field in the generator and this generates the electricity.
Advantages • Water is renewable and once a dam is constructed, electricity can be produced at a constant rate. • If electricity is not needed, the sluice gates can be shut, stopping electricity generation. The water can be saved for use another time when electricity demand is high. There is guaranteed energy and price stability. • Dams are designed to last many decades and so can contribute to the generation of electricity for many years / decades.
4. The lake that forms behind the dam can be used for water sports and leisure / pleasure activities. Often large dams become tourist attractions in their own right. • 5. The lake's water can be used for the storage of drinking water and irrigation purposes. • 6. The build up of water in the lake means that energy can be stored until needed, when the water is released to produce electricity. • 7. When in use, electricity produced by dam systems do not produce green house gases. They do not pollute the atmosphere.
Disadvantages • Dams are extremely expensive to build and must be built to a very high standard. • The high cost of dam construction means that they must operate for many decades to become profitable. • Dams affect river ecosystems. Rivers usually experience seasonal flooding that flush out river backwaters and deposit silt on riverbanks. Dams prevent those seasonal floods and allow silt and vegetation to clog up river backwaters. This causes changes to the environments, which may impact plant and animal habitats. • People living in villages and towns that are in the valley to be flooded, must move out. This means that they lose their farms and businesses. In some countries, people are forcibly removed so that hydro-power schemes can go ahead.
Dams built blocking the progress of a river in one country usually means that the water supply from the same river in the following country is out of their control. This can lead to serious problems between neighboring countries. • Possibility of geological damage when the dams are constructed. Pakistan has kept a close eye on the advantages and disadvantages of hydro- electric power and has been trying to find out methods to reduce the latter. • An adequate supply of water from rain or snow is required for hydroelectricity plants to continue operation. If a drought occurs, electricity production can be severely affected. Countries that produce hydroelectricity need alternative electricity supplies for such events.
Current Situation Of Pakistan • Pakistan is currently facing an electricity crisis. Constant power shut downs accompanying the high demand and low generation, Pakistan is in a dire need of support. Luckily, Pakistan’s geographical state supports the generation of hydro-electrical power at a massive scale, being renewable and with many dams in hand, generation of electricity can be made much easier.
Some of the most important dams include Warsak Dam, Tarbela Dam and Mangla Dam. Pakistan is having rich resource of energy in hydel power, however, only 34 % of total electricity generation is coming from hydro power. Currently we are having 14000 MW against the potential of 41000 to 45000 MW. Approximately 35% of the total energy produced comes from hydro electricity, so if action is taken to promote the production then Pakistan can be immensely benefited.
Upcoming projects • The United States and Pakistan signed a $72million project implementation agreement to refurbish and upgrade the Mangla Dam located in the Mirpur district of Azad Kashmir. The rehabilitation will improve the operating capacity of the hydroelectric plant at Mangla Dam by 90 megawatts (MW), enough electricity for about 119,000 Pakistani households. A total amount of $150 million is slated for the project, with $72 million allotted for this initial phase. • The government aims to add 13,000 megawatts (MW) of electricity to the national grid system through a series of hydro projects ranging in size from 10 to 1,000 MW, according to officials in the federal water and power ministry. However, the country’s enfeebled economy means that it must rely heavily on foreign investment to complete the projects by 2018 as planned.
The Neelum–Jhelum Hydropower Plant is part of an under construction hydroelectric power scheme designed to divert water from the Neelum River to a power station on the Jhelum River. The power station is located in Azad Kashmirr, 22 km south of Muzaffarabadd and will have an installed capacity of 969 MW. Construction on the project began in 2008 after a Chinese consortium was awarded the construction contract in July 2007. The cost is estimated to be $2.89 billion. The project is expected to be complete in 2016. Significant delays, funding issues, and the potential impacts of India's Kishanganga Hydroelectric Project upstream have surrounded the project.
Benefits after construction • Reduction of dependence on thermal power. • Increased power generation to meet energy demands. • Increased energy independence achieved through reduced need for importation of crude oil. • Local employment opportunities during construction and operation. • Improved standard of living infrastructure. • Social and economic benefits for the local population. • Overall flourish of Pakistan.
