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THE BIG GROUP: the alveolates and stramenophiles

THE BIG GROUP: the alveolates and stramenophiles. Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Ciliates Oomycotes Diatoms Chrysophytes Phaeophyta. Dinoflagellates. Two flagella- one transverse and one longitudinal Important to aquatic food chains. Responsible for “red tides.”

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THE BIG GROUP: the alveolates and stramenophiles

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  1. THE BIG GROUP: the alveolates and stramenophiles • Dinoflagellates • Apicomplexans • Ciliates • Oomycotes • Diatoms • Chrysophytes • Phaeophyta

  2. Dinoflagellates • Two flagella- one transverse and one longitudinal • Important to aquatic food chains. • Responsible for “red tides.” • Some are bioluminescent. • Cellulose “plates” cover

  3. Highlighted SpeciesDinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida • Causes “harmful algal blooms” in certain conditions. • Produces a toxin but no pigment. • Results in fish kills. May cause human illness.

  4. Apicomplexans • Parasitic alveolate. Alveoli- membrane bound sacs. • Flagellated gametes • Mictrotubule extends from the cell and pierces the host cell.

  5. Highlighted Species-Apicomplexans Plasmodium • Causes malaria (“bad air) • Infects Anopheles mosquitoes which then bite humans and transmit the motile life stage to the human body.

  6. Ciliates • All have cilia, which move the cell and assist in moving food toward the cell • Cilia beat in a synchronized pattern • Contractile vacuoles that expel water from the body • Has two nuclei Didinium injesting a Paramecium

  7. Highlighted Species-Ciliates Paramecium

  8. Oomycotes • Similar to fungi (oomycotes= egg fungi) • They have diploid nuclei instead of haploid (as fungi have) • Decomposers • Many are parasitic and prey upon crops

  9. Highlighted Species-Oomycotes Phytophthora infestans • Caused the Irish potato famine in the mid 1800. • Water mold with name meaning “plant destroyer” • Millions of people died as crops failed several years in a row

  10. Chrysophytes • Group containing diatoms, yellow and golden algae and coccolithophores • Mostly photosynthetic • Coccolithophores- form calcium carbonate plates under their plasma membranes. Created White Cliffs of Dover. Can cause algal blooms which can kill fish. • Diatoms- Silica shell shaped like a pillbox. Very important primary producers that release about as much free oxygen as plants do on land.

  11. Phaeophyta (Brown Algae) • Olive green and brown seaweeds • Sargassum- a seaweed growing in the Sargasso sea

  12. Endosymbiotic Theory • Proposed by Lynn Margulis in 1967. • Explains similarities between prokaryotes and organelles. • Chloroplasts (and mitochondria) are the result of endocytosis of photosynthetic bacteria by an anaerobic bacteria.

  13. Endosymbiotic Theory

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