I am collecting your packets today. Please get them out.

1. I am collecting your packets today. Please get them out. “Basic Communication Model”

2. Get out a piece of paper. Label it “Monday, Sept. 10, 2012” Or else . . . .

3. Objectives: • Students will list and describe the three rhetorical appeals set out by Aristotle by writing a paragraph. • Students will analyze 7 written and verbal examples for evidence of rhetorical appeals in think-write-pair share. • Students will write an analytical paragraph about a commercial they have seen.

4. Aristotle’s Three Ways to Persuade Logos Ethos Pathos

5. Who is Aristotle? Aristotle (384-322 BCE)is the most notable product of the educational program devised by Plato. Aristotle wrote on an amazing range of subjects, from logic, philosophy, and ethicsto physics, biology, psychology, politics, and rhetoric.

6. What is rhetoric? Rhetoric is the art of persuasion. The goal of persuasion is to change others’ point of view or to move others to take action.

7. What is logos, ethos, and pathos? Logos = Logic Ethos = Ethics, Image Pathos = Emotions (Passion)

8. Logos, Ethos, Pathos Using logos, ethos, and pathos will help you to master the art of persuasion. • Through language, you will be able to change the point of view of others! • Through language, you will be able to motivate others to take action!

9. Logos Logos is an argument based on facts, evidence and reason. Using logos means appealing to the readers’ sense of what is logical.

10. Ethos Ethos is an argument based on character. Using ethos means the writer or speaker appeals to the audience’s sense of ethical behavior. The writer or speaker presents him or herself to the audience as credible, trustworthy, honest and ethical. “I am an ethical expert, so believe what I say.”

11. Pathos Pathos = argument based on feelings Using pathos means appealing to readers’ emotions and feelings.

12. Symbols for Logos, Ethos and Pathos Logos = Head Ethos = Hand Pathos = Heart

13. Describe the three persuasive appeals that Aristotle sets out in his treatise On Rhetoric.

14. In his treatise On Rhetoric, Aristotle _______________________________.One such persuasive tool is ________, which utilizes ____________________. Another rhetorical device is _________, which appeals to _________________. Finally, ________________________. These three rhetorical methods can combine to _____________________.

15. Which Appeal is the Most Important or Influential?

16. Suppose two speakers give speeches about a new corporate restructuring strategy. The first speaker — a grade nine student — gives a flawless speech pitching strategy A which is both logically sound and stirs emotions. The second speaker — a Fortune 500 CEO — gives a boring speech pitching strategy B. Which speech is more persuasive? Is the CEO’s speech more persuasive, simply because she has much more credibility (ethos)?

17. Some suggest that pathos is the most critical of the three. In You’ve Got to Be Believed to Be Heard, Bert Decker says that people buy on emotion (pathos) and justify with fact (logos). True? You decide. Aristotle believed that logos should be the most important of the three persuasive appeals. As a philosopher and a master of logical reasoning, he believed that logos should be the only required persuasive appeal. That is, if you demonstrated logos, you should not need either ethos or pathos. However, Aristotle stated that logos alone is not sufficient. Not only is it not sufficient on its own, but it is no more important than either of the two other pillars. He argued that all three persuasive appeals are necessary.

18. Is he right? What do you think? • Write at least three sentences, exploring your opinion as to which appeal is the most influential. Think of how you are swayed to buy or vote a certain way. Think of commercials on TV. What appeals do they use the most? Why do you think that is?

19. I want to persuade you to do your school work! • Listen to the following four examples of persuasion. • Are they appealing to LOGOS, ETHOS, or PATHOS? Write down your answer. • How do you know?

20. More Practice . . . • Read the following example of persuasive writing. • Which rhetorical appeal is being utilized?

21. Logos, Ethos or Pathos? The University of Chicago just got the 10 single-use restrooms on campus designated gender neutral. It’s time Yale followed suit. And this is not just an academic problem. There are tens of thousands of single-use toilets at workplaces and public spaces throughout the nation that are wrong-headedly designated for a single-sex. All these single-use toilets should stop discriminating. They should be open to all on a first-come, first-lock basis. —Ian Ayres, “Looking Out for No. 2”

22. Logos Example In the example, note how Ian Ayres uses evidence from experience (her work environment, Delta Airlines, the University of Chicago). This evidence establishes the precedent that Ayres uses to compare to the current situation that she argues should be changed.

23. Logos, Ethos or Pathos? People—crippled or not—wince at the word “cripple,” as they do not at “handicapped” or “disabled.” Perhaps I want them to wince. I want them to see me as a tough customer, one to whom the fates/gods/viruses have not been kind, but who can face the brutal truth of her existence squarely. As a cripple, I swagger. —Nancy Mairs, “On Being a Cripple”

24. Ethos Example In the example, note how Nancy Mairs establishes her credibility and trustworthiness and authority to write about this subject by being honest. Mairs admits she is uncertain about her own motives and shows she understands the discomfort others’ have with this subject.

25. Logos, Ethos or Pathos? We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender. —Winston Churchill, speech to the House of Commons, June 4, 1940

26. Pathos Example In the example from a speech by Winston Churchill, note the use of anaphora (repetition of a word or group of words at the beginning of items in a series). This repetition emphasizes the point and expresses passion and emotion. Moreover, the repetition affects the audience emotionally.

27. Review Logos = logic Logos is an argument based on facts, evidence and reason. Using logos means appealing to the readers’ sense of what is logical.

28. Review Ethos = Ethics / Image Ethos is an argument based on character. The writer or speaker presents him or herself to the reader as credible, trustworthy, honest and ethical.

29. Review Pathos = argument based on feelings Using pathos means appealing to readers’ emotions and feelings.

30. Pathos, Ethos, Logos

31. Homework: • Think of a commercial you’ve seen on TV. What appeals does it use? How do you know they were using that/those appeals? Did it work on you?

32. My commercial. • Everyone of my children can sing the song from the commercial for Stompeez. They often do . . . repeatedly. The ultra-fun slippers that come to life when you take a step are “the perfect gift”. Why? Every child wearing them in the commercial is happy, excited, well-behaved, and they love their parents. This blatant use of pathos has worked its magic on me: Emma has a pair of Princess Kitty Stompeez.

33. Tuesday, September 11, 2012

34. Objective: • Students will demonstrate their knowledge of Logos, Ethos, and Pathos by annotating an article and a movie, pointing out specific examples of each.

35. French Fries . . . . • Brainstorm 10 words to describe . . . .

36. Who is to blame for America’s Growing Weight Problem? Quick Write

37. The Battle Against Fast Food Begins in the Home • Predict . . . • What do you think his argument will be? Who do you think HE thinks is to blame? How do you think he wants us to change our behavior or option? How do you think he will try to persuade us?

38. Vocabulary Preview

39. Let’s Read the Article.

40. Yes, it’s Wednesday 9/12 You are a smart-allec!

41. Objective: • Students will demonstrate their knowledge of Logos, Ethos, and Pathos by annotating an article and a movie, pointing out specific examples of each.

42. Annotate • Put a star by the main idea. • Summarize each paragraph. • Logos, Ethos, Pathos – Underline the exact words and label them L, E, P

43. 1st paragraph summary • Call for “State of Emergency” for obesity – is the Gov who we should get to help?

44. Parents, not state government, are in the best position to fight the epidemic of overweight children in our schools.

45. P Pathos • Not the government – repeated • Responsible • Someone else’s fault • Fault of the parents who let their kids eat unhealthy food and sit in front of the television or computer for hours at a time.

46. L Logos • 26 percent of schoolchildren are overweight. • A low of 17 percent in wealthy Orange County – a high of 36.8 percent in an inner-city Los Angeles district. • 32% boys; 21% girls • More minorities than white children

47. 3rd Paragraph Summary: • Parents are and need to be responsible!

48. I hope you’re happy . . . • Last night’s menu: • Raw Baby Carrots • Tuna Fettuccini • Water

49. Thursday 9/13 Objective: • Students will demonstrate their knowledge of Logos, Ethos, and Pathos by annotating a movie, pointing out specific examples of each.

50. Friday 9/14 Objective: • Students will reflect on their annotations from yesterday by writing a paragraph. • Students will demonstrate their knowledge of Logos, Ethos, and Pathos by annotating a movie, pointing out specific examples of each.