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John Locke: 1632-1704

John Locke: 1632-1704. 1690: Publication of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding & Two Treatises of Government. Basic Tenets of Locke’s Empiricism: Man is not born with innate ideas. All knowledge is derived through observation and experience.

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John Locke: 1632-1704

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  1. John Locke: 1632-1704 • 1690: Publication of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding &Two Treatises of Government. • Basic Tenets of Locke’s Empiricism: • Man is not born with innate ideas. • All knowledge is derived through observation and experience. • Moral precepts are derived from human experience of pain and pleasure and not from a transcendental authority. • Human consciousness is the source of continuity and therefore of personal identity.

  2. (Bishop) George Berkley 1685-1753 • Born near Thomastown, Ireland. • 1709: Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision. • 1710 Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge.; Three Dialogues between Hylas and Philonous. • Basic Tenets of his Idealism: • Things exist because they are perceived. • Primary (objective) qualities and secondary (subjective) qualities cannot be distinguished. • Our experience of continuity and coherence proves the existence of God as the supreme perceiver.

  3. David Hume: 1711-1776 • Major figure of the Scottish Enlightenment along with Adam Smith (1723-1790); Francis Hutcheson (1694-1746) and the jurist Henry Home, Lord Kames (1696-1782). • 1739: Treatise of Human Nature; 1748: Enquiry Conerning Human Understanding • 1755: Natural History of Religion • Basic Tenets of his Skepticism: • Questions Inductive or Scientific reasoning as founded on habit not on ascertainable experience. • Questions the notion of a continuous and permanent self. • Questions the idea of God and miracles as necessary for creation and moral values.

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