PEST OF BEVERAGE CROPS

1. PEST OF BEVERAGE CROPS

2. COCOA

3. Conopomorpha cramerella • cocoa pod borer • Moth: Gracillariidae • small • lay eggs on pods surface • larvae bore into pods

4. biji melekat assl. ( by the tunnelling) • feed on tissue surrounding beans (biji) • control: bungkus buah, regula and early harvesting, guna perangkap feromon, synthetic pyrethroid/

5. Helopeltis spp. • Hemiptera: Miridae • damage: nymph & adult • suck sap from pods and shoots (pucuk) • Circular spot, gradually change from pale to dark brown • Daunkecut/keronyok(shrivel)

7. COFFEE

8. Hypothenemus hampei • Coleoptera:Scolytidae • Pengorek buah kopi • Betina korek lubang dalam kopi dan bertelur • Larva makan biji kopi

9. Simptom: biji tukar jadi hitam, biji muda akan dijangkit fungus dan jatuh • Control: the best way is prevention • careful inspection of the coffee beans before leaving the coffee faros to avoid spreading of the insects • Endosulfan, dieldrin 0.1% • Biocontrol: semut, braconids (wasp)

10. Cephonodes hylas • Moth: Shpingidae • Sayap transparent • Larvae makan daun • Control: hand collecting if infestation low • Use dieldrin 0.1 %

11. TEA

12. Zeuzera coffeae • Moth: Cossidae • Eggs laid on stem (batang) • Damage; larvae • Simptoms: alam batang berlubang • Pada bukaan lubang, cecair melekit • Control: cantas&bakar • paradichlorobenzene

13. PEST OF VEGETABLES

14. Plutella xylostella • Moth:Yponomeutidae • Diomondbackmoth • Kobis (Crucifer) • Larvae cause serious damage • Simptom: lace-like pattern • Control: use Bacillus thuringiensis, • Parasitoid: Diadegmainsularae(Ichneumonidae), metamidophos

15. Phylotrettaspp • Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae • Kumbanglenting/ flea beetle • Crucifer (cauliflower, cabbage, • bokchoy, broccoli) • First pest to appear coz attack seedlings • Eggs hatch, larvae move to soil, feed roots and seedling • Adult feed on leaf • Many tiny holes on the leaf • Control: crop rotation • trichlorphon

16. Phylotreta cruciferae

17. Aulacophora spp. • Coleoptera: chrysomelidae • Cucurbits (cucumber, melon, w.melon, pumpkin etc) • Larva feeds on roots, adult feed on green material (chlorophyll) of the leaves, leaving white or yellow patches on the leaves. • If the attack is serious the pests will completely destroy the leaves.

18. Control: Fenitrothion, Dimethoate

19. Epilachna indica • Coleoptera: Coccinelidae (ladybird) • cucurbit • Larva dan adult eat makandaun • Feed on upper epidermis, resulting in transparent marking • Control: Rotenone, Dimethoate

20. Maruca testulalis • Moth: Pyralidae • Pengorek kacang panjang • Egg laid on the flower • Larvae feeds of flower and later bore the bean pod • Flowers discolor/damage • Pods have small darkened entry holes on the surface and borers inside. • Leaves and pods are stuck together by webbing and show signs of surface feeding.

21. Control: endosulfan, carbaryl

22. Leucinodes orbonalis • Moth: Pyralidae • Bore the shoot and fruit of brinjal/eggplant danbuahterung • The young shoots wilt and die, and if they are cut open it will be seen that they have been bored. • Affected fruits have holes in them, and when they are cut open the pinkish or reddish caterpillars may be inside.

23. Control: Affected fruits and shoots should be removed and destroyed • Pesticide:Nuvacron, carbaryl

25. Bactroceraspp • Diptera:Tephritidae • Fruitflies • Cucumber • The stings, produced by the act of oviposition by the female flies, cause black spots on the cucurbit fruits • The maggots feed inside the fruits leaving brown patches on the skin. • seriously damaged by the tunnelling activity of the larvae, infested fruits usually fall to the ground. • If the fruits are cut open many white maggots will be found inside

26. Control; wrap the vege./fruit • Infested vege/fruits should be destroyed

27. http://www1.sarawak.com.my/borneo_lit/index.html • Go to pest control