Chapter 13 The Spread of Chinese Civilization: Japan Korea and Vietnam

1. Chapter 13The Spread of Chinese Civilization: Japan Korea and Vietnam Chapter Objectives Assess the distinctive achievements of the Chinese civs. in the arts, sciences and tech. Trace the Chinese dynasties of the Tang and Song. Map the spread of Chinese civ. and culture into Japan, Korea and Vietnam

2. Comparing Dynasties • Analyze and evaluate the difference among Chinese dynasties • The history of the Tang and Song dynasties should be studied in light of their influences on the renaissance of Chinese civilization • Focus on the economic, political, social and cultural aspects of these dynasties

3. Chinese influences on other cultures • Be aware that cultural exchanges in East Asia took place in isolation from the rest of the world • The major influence in this region was China • Track the extent of Chinese influence in Korea, Vietnam and Japan • The upper class of all 3 regions modeled their societies after the Chinese • Japan unlike the other 2 never came under Chinese rule • As a result Japan was more selective in adapting Chinese ways to its own culture • Vietnam adopted cultural traits from both China and India • Korea was rule by China and had the greatest mix of Chinese and local cultural traits

4. Describe the effect of the shifting dynastic fortunes in China on the relationship of China to Japan, Korea and Vietnam • Which of the 3 was least affected by Chinese political developments? Why? • Periods of cultural exchange were the strongest during the expansive phase of Chinese dynasties • Satellite civs. were able to win independence and reject Chinese models during the era of civil disruptions between dynasties • Conquest of Vietnam and Korea first occurred during Han times

5. Shifting fortunes • Korea gained independence in the early Tang period after the collapse of the Sui • Vietnam won independence after the fall of the Tang • Japan was the least affected by internal Chinese developments • Japan was never part of the Chinese empire and was able to reject Chinese influences • The growing authority of regional warlords in Japan led to the reduction of Chinese cultural influence • The reason for this was ties to a central government and Confucian bureaucracy

6. Compare the degree of sinification in Korea , Japan and Vietnam • Korea was the most sinified , although Chinese influence was limited to the aristocratic elite • Up to the 20th century Koreans had to accept Chinese political dominance and pay tribute • Korea was heavily influenced by Chinese art, writing, Confucian bureaucracy and commercial practices and goods

7. Sinification Continued • Vietnam was in the middle • Vietnam was under Chinese rule from Han times to the 10th century • A Confucian bureaucracy was established and was dominated by the aristocracy • Chinese agriculture and military organization were followed • The effect of Chinese culture separated the Vietnamese from the more indianized people of SE Asia • After the 10th century , Chinese influence declined

8. More Sinification • Japan was the least affected • Many Chinese influence came early-Confucian ideas and bureaucracy, script, art Buddhism • Due to Japanese political independence they were able to select among elements of Chinese culture • Chinese influence declined after the Taika reform failures and the rise of the aristocracy • An end to centralized bureaucracy and decline in Confucian influence went along with the revival of indigenous culture combining Buddhism and Shintoism