1. Trails to the West Chapter 7 Section 2

2. Bell- Ringer • If you were an American in the 1800s what are two reasons that would motivate you to move westward?

3. I. Crossing the Appalachians • Trans-appalachia • Area west of the Appalachian Mtns • Attracted Americans who wanted to leave the overcrowded east coast • Several main roads lead the Americans over the mountains • Wilderness Road • Road through the Cumberland Gap • Cut by Daniel Boone

5. Settling West • Ohio Valley • Place where most settlers decide to stay • Michigan territory and three new states • Ohio, Indiana, Illinois • Living Conditions • Once a family chose a place to settle they had to cut down all of the brush and trees, and plant crops • Log cabins

6. Native Americans • Americans wanted to move westward and live without competition with Indians • Government leaders created reservations that were unfit for farming for the Indians • Became known as Indian Country • Indian numbers soon shrank due to diseases brought by white settlers

7. II. Florida • Spanish Florida • Spain and US signed Pinckney Treaty • Spain keeps FL • US has free use of MI River through Spanish territory • Both countries would prevent the Native Americans from attacking the other • 1810: Many Americans begin settling in Western FL so the region declares its independence • US adds western FL to the country and wants more land

8. Spain focuses attention to problems in their South American colonies • In Florida, Seminole Indians were after the territory too. • US needed to protect it’s settlers and as a result Andrew Jackson told President Monroe that he will cross the border into Florida to help fight

9. Seminole Wars • 1818, Andrew Jackson and 2,000 US men enter FL • Burn Seminole villages, capture Spanish town, claim western FL for US • Adams accuses Spain of violating Pinckney treaty • Not protecting US settlers from NA • 1819 Onis-Adams Treaty • Spain gives Florida to the US • US gives up Texas

10. III. Manifest Destiny • Definition: “obvious or undeniable fate” • NY journalist John O’Sullivan said it was the nation’s “manifest destiny” to possess the spread to the entire continent of North America • Aka – MOVE WESTWARD AND SETTLE!

11. Oregon Country • Land beyond the Rocky Mtns; shared by US and GB • The draw: • Gain land • Economic  trade • Mountain Men move to the Rockies and further west to look for fur and trade with Indians • Missionaries sent to convert Indians to Christianity • Narcissa Prentiss Whitman worked among Indians • First white woman to cross the Rockies

12. Oregon Trail • Main route across the Rockies into Oregon • 2,000 mile trip by covered wagons from Missouri • took 4-6 months • cost a family $500-$1,000 • people became exhausted • tough conditions • The trail: • Travel along the Platte River in Nebraska and through the South Pass in Wyoming • Enter Oregon and follow the Snake River to settlements in the Northwest

13. Santa Fe Trail • Route which led south to Santa Fe, New Mexico • Follow Oregon Trail but when the Snake River was reached the trail veered Southwest • Used to trade goods in the Mexico Territory

14. Mormon’s Move to Utah • Mormon’s forced to continue moving westward because many other Americans did not agree with their beliefs • Mormons allowed men to have more than one wife at the same time • Leader of the Mormon Church, Brigham Young, urged the Mormons to move out of the US border • Mormons settled an area near the Great Salt Lake, in Mexican Territory

16. Gold Rush • A carpenter was building a sawmill on land in California – land that was set to build a colony • In January 1848, the carpenter struck gold • Mass movement of people to California to hunt for gold • California Gold Rush – August 1848 • Huge attraction for settlers • Population boom • Settlers who came to CA became known as the ‘forty-niners’

17. California • Who moved? • Mostly unmarried men • African Americans • Both free and slave • Europeans, Asians • Impact on CA • Native Americans were forced to work for miners • Commercial property was brought to the west coast • San Francisco • Violence

18. More Gold Strikes • Gold was found else where after 1849 and people began to migrate wherever gold was found • Colorado, western Canada, Montana, Idaho • Cities began to develop all over • Mining towns would go through a ‘boom’ and then become a ghost town once the gold was gone