The Metric System

1. The Metric System

2. Lesson 1 • Physical science- the study of matter and energy  • Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space • Mass- the amount of material an object has • *You can not hold energy or measure it with a ruler; mass can be measured and held

3. Chemistry- the study of matter and how it changes *By studying chemistry, scientists have made new medicines, food, clothing, fragrances, soaps, artificial skin and bones

4. Physics- the study of how energy acts with matter • *By studying physics, scientists have developed TVs, cell phones, stereos, computers, satellites, microwaves, and jets

5. Lesson 2 • Unit- a known amount used for measuring • English system- system of measurement that uses inches, feet, and yards • Metric system- system of measurement used by scientists

6. *Egyptians used the cubit to measure length. A cubit was the distance from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger • *Romans used the width of their thumbs to measure length called an uncia • *Scientists and most other people throughout the world use the metric system

7. Lesson 3 • Meter- the basic unit of length in the metric system • Meter stick- a common tool for measuring the length in the metric system • *The abbreviation for meter is m; the abbreviation for centimeter is cm; the abbreviation for millimeter is mm; the abbreviation for kilometer is km

8. 10 mm = 1 cm 1000 mm = 1 m 100 cm = 1 m 1000 m = 1 km 1 cm is 1/100 m 1 mm is 1/1000 m 1 km is 1000 m kilo means 1000 centi means 1/100 (.01) milli means 1/1000 (.001) Conversions Meanings

9. Lesson 4 • Area- amount of space the surface of an object takes up • area = length x width = 3.3 mm x 8.5 mm = 28.05 square mm or 28.05 mm² • 3.3mm 8.5 mm

10. Lesson 5 • Volume- the amount of space an object takes up • Liter- basic unit of volume in the metric system • volume of a liquid 1000 mL = 1 L 1000 L = 1 kL 1 L = 1000 cm³ 1 mL = 1 cm³

11.  volume of a rectangle = length x width x height = 3 cm x 5 cm x 2 cm = 30 cm³ or 30 cubic centimeters 3 cm 2 cm 5 cm

12. Lesson 6 • Gram- basic unit of mass in the metric system • *1 gram is about the mass of a paper clip *1 kg = 1000 g 1000 mg = 1 g *1 L = 1000 g or 1 kg 1000 cm³ = 1000 g or 1 kg

13. What is scientific Notation? • Scientific notation is a way of expressing really big numbers or really small numbers. • It is most often used in “scientific” calculations where the analysis must be very precise.

14. Scientific notation consists of two parts: • A number between 1 and 10 • A power of 10 N x 10x

15. To change standard form to scientific notation… • Place the decimal point so that there is one non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point. • Count the number of decimal places the decimal point has “moved” from the original number. This will be the exponent on the 10.

16. Continued… • If the original number was less than 1, then the exponent is negative. If the original number was greater than 1, then the exponent is positive.

17. Example 1 • Given: 289,800,000 • Use: 2.898 (moved 8 places) • Answer: 2.898 x 108

18. Example 2 • Given: 0.000567 • Use: 5.67 (moved 4 places) • Answer: 5.67 x 10-4

19. To change scientific notation to standard form… • Simply move the decimal point to the right for positive exponent 10. • Move the decimal point to the left for negative exponent 10. (Use zeros to fill in places.)

20. Example 3 • Given: 5.093 x 106 • Answer: 5,093,000 (moved 6 places to the right)

21. Example 4 • Given: 1.976 x 10-4 • Answer: 0.0001976 (moved 4 places to the left)