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What is a Logical Fallacy?

What is a Logical Fallacy?. Ms. Anderson Steele Canyon High School. Definition. A logical fallacy is an error in a logical argument. A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning. When there is a fallacy in an argument it is considered to be invalid. Example of a Logical Fallacy.

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What is a Logical Fallacy?

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  1. What is a Logical Fallacy? Ms. Anderson Steele Canyon High School

  2. Definition • A logical fallacy is an error in a logical argument. • A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning. • When there is a fallacy in an argument it is considered to be invalid.

  3. Example of a Logical Fallacy • “Bandwagon” is an example of a logical fallacy. • What does the word “bandwagon” mean?

  4. Bandwagon • Claiming that all or most other people think the same way as the arguer. • Example: Dogs should not wear clothes. 85% of Americans think so!

  5. Your Turn • With a partner come up with the definitions for the following logical fallacies: • Red Herring • Slippery Slope • Hasty generalization • Appeal to authority • Ad hominem

  6. Red Herring • Partway through an argument, the arguer goes off on a tangent, distracting the audience from what the issue really is. • Example: “Ms. Anderson, I think you should assign less homework. By the way, that is a very nice outfit you have on.”

  7. Slippery Slope • Claiming that a chain reaction will happen if a certain action is taken. The chain reaction is usually not based on evidence and is usually bad.

  8. Slippery Slope Continued • Example: “The trials in History cause a lot of stress. If students are stressed, they will become depressed. Depression leads to a drop in grades, which results in more students not getting into college. In order to prevent this tragedy, there should not be trials!”

  9. Hasty Generalization • Making an assumption about an entire group of people based on a sample of the group; a stereotype. • Example: “My older brother said his math teacher was mean, and my math teacher is mean, too. All math teachers must be mean!”

  10. Appeal to Authority • Adding strength to an argument by referring to respected sources or authorities. • Example: “We should have a 3 day school week. Many respected people, such as Paris Hilton, agree.”

  11. Ad Hominem • Focusing attention on how bad a person, the opponent, is rather than focusing on arguments and evidence. • Example: “Mr. Stewart supports giving homework over the weekend. However, Mr. Stewart is a Seattle Seahawks fan, so you shouldn’t listen to him.”

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