1. Energy Materials Labor Goods or Services Capital Information Feedback information for control of process inputs and conversion Figure 5.1: Inputs, Outputs, and Feedback Other byproducts Transformation (Conversion) Process

2. Figure 5.2: Sustainability Product and Process Frameworks

3. Figure 5.3 Value Stream Map: Resource Inputs & Outputs

4. Figure 5.4 Water Used vs Needed Summary of Water Waste Water Used: 95,000 gallons Actual Water Needed: 50,000 gallons Water Wasted: 45,000 gallons Water Used 30 Kgal 15 Kgal 45 Kgal 5 Kgal 0 Kgal 10 Kgal 5 Kgal 30 Kgal 5 Kgal 0 Kgal Actual Water Needed

5. Figure 5.5 Example Measures

6. Figure 5.6 Typical causes of Non-value added activities Problems with Products/Design Waste observed within the process Problems with Metrics Problems with Process Problems with Customers/Mix

7. Figure 5.7 Design for Environment Flow and Support Tools

8. Figure 5.8 Correlating CNs and EMs

9. Figure 5.9 EM Correlations

10. Figure 5.10 Complete EDFD With Competitors Evaluation

11. Figure 5.11 Life Cycle Analysis Scope

12. Figure 5.12 Cradle to Cradle Philosophy Biological Technical

13. Table 5.1 Customer Needs Roof Moss Remover Product

14. Table 5.2 Engineering Metrics Roof Moss Removal Product

15. Table 5.3 Sample of Environmental Needs and Engineering Metrics Environmental Needs Environmental Engineering Metrics Weight Volume Number of parts Variety of materials Likelihood of getting dirty or oxidizing Hardness Physical lifetime Energy consumption Rate of recycled material Sensory impact (noise, visual, etc.) Emissions mass (air, water, soil) Biodegradability Material Toxicity • Less material usage • Less energy & water consumption • Easy to transport and store • Easy to process and assemble • High durability • Easy to reuse • Easy to disassemble & sort • Easy to maintain • Easy to compact • Safe to incinerate • Easy to dispose of or safe to landfill • Harmless to biosphere • Safe emissions