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Space Frames and Geodesic Domes 10/16/07

Space Frames and Geodesic Domes 10/16/07. Five Platonic Solids. An important group of three dimensional shapes are the five platonic solids. These include: tetrahedron (4), Cube (6), octahedron (8), dodecahedron (12) and icosahedron (20).

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Space Frames and Geodesic Domes 10/16/07

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  1. Space Frames and Geodesic Domes 10/16/07

  2. Five Platonic Solids • An important group of three dimensional shapes are the five platonic solids. • These include: • tetrahedron (4), • Cube (6), • octahedron (8), • dodecahedron (12) and • icosahedron (20). • These are the only shapes whose faces are all identical regular polygons.

  3. Space Frame • A truss system with members that lie in three dimensions. • Two usual forms • tetra-hedron (three-sided pyramid) • half-octahedron, i.e. (four-sided pyramid)

  4. Tetrahedron • The tetrahedron is all triangles and clearly more stable.

  5. Octahedron • Half-octahedron’s square side makes it more convenient for most construction projects. • Rigid joints are required to prevent the angles from changing.

  6. Redundancy • A space frame system consists of layers of struts • Some struts are connected to the supports (columns), • Others radiate outwards from those. • Any applied loads have many choices of route to get to supports at corners; • This provides a redundancy in case one member is broken and makes space frames safer.

  7. Are Members Identical? • Are all the members of the space frame identical? • The structure usually repeats • The elements closest to the supports take the most weight. • The elements closest to the supports are thicker than those farther away.

  8. Famous Space Frame Entrance to Louvre

  9. Biosphere 2 in Arizona

  10. Connectors • Very important pieces for any space frame • the connections between the members. • Two common types of connector • Unistrut • Mero, with spherical connectors

  11. Spherical Shapes • Geodesic Dome are spherical space frames. • The most standard method uses a three-frequency subdivision of an icosahedron, • a soccer ball, a system surrounded by hexagons. • Developed and patented by Buckminster Fuller (1895-1963)

  12. Buckminster Fuller

  13. Characteristics • Geodesic domes enclose a great deal of space without interior supports; • thus they are efficient structures for heating and cooling. • A difficulty with them is that it can be hard to remove struts to make convenient openings for doors or windows. • Many people like the shape, and build houses from them.

  14. Support through compression and tension • Geodesic domes have most members in compression • However, the lower horizontal struts can be in tension.

  15. Large domes • Just as with cables, the less horizontal a given strut is, the less compression it needs to withstand an applied load. • Having very few joints leads to a stronger structure, • less smooth – space is used inefficiently. • A way around this issue is to have two concentric domes, and run the struts from one to the other, allowing the truss depth to be larger. • This method is generally necessary to have larger geodesic domes.

  16. Montreal’s Biosphere

  17. Epcot Center

  18. VIDEO! • Video about geodesic domes and Buckminster Fuller (1895-1963)

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