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Pearl Harbor and Entering WW II

Pearl Harbor and Entering WW II. Early Neutrality . WW II Starts in Europe in 1939, when Germany invades Poland. Early US Philosophy:

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Pearl Harbor and Entering WW II

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  1. Pearl Harbor and Entering WW II

  2. Early Neutrality • WW II Starts in Europe in 1939, when Germany invades Poland. • Early US Philosophy: • Neutrality Act: A series of laws passed by Congress in the 1930s, designed to preserve U.S. neutrality in foreign wars by avoiding the issues that had drawn the nation into World War I. • We don’t want another Lusitania.

  3. Hitler’s Early Actions • 1. 1939: Hitler invades Poland • 2. 1940: Hitler invades Denmark, Norway, and the Netherlands. • 3. June 1940: Hitler invades France. • They all fall within weeks.

  4. Dec. 7, 1941 • The Japanese have a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. • - Americas Major Pacific Port. • “A Day that will live in Infamy” • This is the last attack on American Soil until September, 11 2001. • One of those days in History which will stand on its own.

  5. CAPT. MITSUO FUCHIDA • Fuchida was the air-strike leader of the Japanese carrier force that attacked Pearl Harbor. • Considered one of Japan’s most skillful fliers, he had gained combat experience during air operations over China in the late 1930s.

  6. December 7, 19416:10 a.m. • The carriers turn into the wind, and the first wave of Japanese planes—183 fighters, bombers, and torpedo planes—roar into the sky. • On their way to Pearl Harbor.

  7. December 7, 19417:02 a.m. • One of two privates on duty at the new Opana Mobile Radar Station on Oahu looks at the radar oscilloscope and can’t believe his eyes. He asks his buddy to take a look—and he confirms the sighting: 50 or more aircraft on a bearing for Oahu. • The first confirmation of an immanent attack coming to the US.

  8. December 7, 19417:33 a.m. • President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, learn that Japanese negotiators in Washington have been told to break off talks. • Believing this may mean war, Marshall sends a warning to Lt. Gen. Walter C. Short, commander of U.S. Army forces in Hawaii. Gen. George C. Marshall

  9. Ramsey runs to a radio room and orders the telegraph operators to send out an uncoded message to every ship and base: AIR RAID ON PEARL HARBOR X THIS IS NOT DRILL December 7, 19417:55 a.m.

  10. December 7, 19417:55 a.m. • The coordinated attack begins as dive-bombers strike the Army Air Forces’ Wheeler Field and Hickam Field. The Japanese, wanting control of the air, hope to destroy American warplanes on the ground. • Most U.S. planes have been parked wingtip-to-wingtip in neat rows to make it easy to guard them against sabotage. Most are destroyed.

  11. December 7, 19418:10 a.m. • An armor-piercing bomb, dropped by a high-altitude bomber, pierces the forward deck of the Arizona, setting off more than a million pounds (450,000 kilograms) of gunpowder, creating a huge fireball, and killing 1,177 men.

  12. December 7, 194110:00 a.m. • Japanese fighters rendezvous with bombers off Oahu and follow them back to the carriers. • Exultant Japanese pilots urge a third strike. If the gasoline tanks at Pearl Harbor are hit, they reason, the Pacific Fleet will be out of action for weeks. • But superiors, saying the attack has been successful, rule out a third strike. One reason: the whereabouts of the U.S. carriers is still unknown.

  13. December 7, 19411:00 p.m. • The Pearl Harbor strike force turns for home. • In the 44 months of war that will follow, the U.S. Navy will sink every one of the Japanese aircraft carriers, battleships, and cruisers in this strike force. • And when Japan signs the surrender document on September 2, 1945, among the U.S. warships in Tokyo Bay will be a victim of the attack, the U.S.S. West Virginia.

  14. December 7, 19412:30 p.m. • CBS Radio interrupts its Sunday afternoon programming to announce the attack on Pearl Harbor.

  15. December 8, 194112:29 p.m. • Solemnly, he begins his speech requesting a declaration of war: “Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.”

  16. Warfare Used During Attack • Japan • 81 Fighter Planes • 135 Dive Bombers • 104 Horizontal Bombers • 40 Torpedo Planes • At least 5 Midget Submarines

  17. Warfare (continued) • United States • 108 Fighter Planes (59 not available for flight) • 35 Army Bombers (27 not available for flight) • 993 Army/Navy Antiaircraft Guns

  18. Casualties Japan • Less then 100 men • 29 planes • 5 midget submarines United States • 2,335 servicemen killed, 68 civilians killed, 1,178 wounded • 188 planes • 18 ships (8 battleships, 3 light cruisers, 3 destroyers, 4 other vessels)

  19. Pearl Harbor Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt13c3olXkU (Pearl Harbor) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7ifuqnIUXs (A Day that will live in Infamy)

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