Addressing the “Use-Divide” for women entrepreneurs

1. Addressing the “Use-Divide”for women entrepreneurs Şule Őzmen, Professor Marmara University Istanbul, Turkey

2. Will ICT Make Everyone a Winner? • Thousands of musicians expect to be among top ranks in music lists. A few succeed • Thousands of athletics targets to race in olympic games. A few succeed • Thousands of ICT applications and e-solutions are rashing around Do they all lead success? Do they have a special concern for women?

3. Bridging the gap • Digital divide • Access divide What else?

4. Use-divide

5. Would “e” work for businesswomen in international trade • For what they need to do? • Why they need to do?

6. What is the goal? • Why? • ICT adoption and utilization make easier to do things • network effect, • information access, • elimination of time and location constraint Ultimate goal is not making them literate but empowering them through their literacy

7. Why? • To increase their bargaining power • To find and keep their market • Produce and deliver the desired • quantities • quality • at the desired time • at an acceptable cost • To replenish expanded resources

8. What to do? • MARKETING: • Communicate, prepare sales literature and distribute • PRODUCTION: • Produce and deliver the desired quantities of goods and services • TRANSACTION: • Get and fulfil orders

9. How to do? • By deciding whether to use ICT to manage (plan, execute and control) the resources. Benefits > costs • Determine whether « e » would improve • effectiveness • efficiency of the production and marketing processes. • Determine whether there is resource to use « e »

10. MANAGEMENT MIXES THE PRODUCTION DIMENSIONS TO MEET BUYER NEEDS AND WANTS (STRATEGY). The BMS Quality Needs 1.Sell more frequently and more to present buyers, and/or avoid present users buying less frequently or less; 2.Induce brand switching from competitors, and/or avoid its users switching to competitors; 3.Convert nonusers into users of its own products, and/or avoid its users becoming nonusers; 4.Secure medium to long-term profitability Quantity POSITIONING Outcomes SEGMENTATION WITH BARGAINING POWER WITH ITS BUYERS OVER ITS PRODUCTION OBJECTIVES (BARGAINING POWER) Cost (price) To Communicate Habits & Occasions Preparing Sales Literature Programming Promotions Programming Advertising Time 1. Produce and deliver the desired quantities of goods and services(quantity includes all the physical properties of the product such as shape, weight, size, and colour, or ingredients and ingredient characteristics, composition, and even packaging); 2.Produce and deliver the goods and services at the desired level of quality; 3.Produce and deliver the goods and services at the desired time; 4.Produce and deliver the goods and services at an acceptable cost. TO PRIORITIZE THE ACTIVITIES FOR PLANNING, ACQUISITION, ALLOCATION AND MONITORING THE RESOURCES (ACTIVITIES). To Distribute Setting-up Channels of Distribution Controlling & Coordinating Analysis & Planning Monitoring & Improving To Produce Quantities HUMAN RESOURCE ACTIVITIES Developing Organizational Plans; Describing and Evaluating Jobs; Installing Activities; Preparing Wage and Salary Administration Plans; Forecasting Work Force; Arbitrating; Collective Bargaining; Counselling Personnel; Exchanging Information with Employees; Conducting Management Development Programs; Providing Employee Services; Recruiting; Securing Teamwork; Testing Personnel; Training; Appraising Personnel; Rating Merit FINANCIAL AND PHYSICAL ASSET ACTIVITIES Determining Policies; Developing Systems and Procedures; Preparing Functional Plans; Preparing Long Range Plans; Maintaining an Adequate Level of Working Capital; Securing Funds for Asset Replacement; Controlling Budgets; Conducting Management Controls; Reviewing Product Development Processes NETWORK ACTIVITIES Seeking and Building Strategic Partnerships; Establishing Association and Society Relations; Participating in Civic Affairs; Securing Legal/Secretarial Assistance INFORMATION RESOURCE ACTIVITIES Analysing Business Management Requirements; Designing General Accounting Systems; Designing Cost Accounting Systems; Appraising Reactions; Calculating and Using Standard Costs; Conducting Development Experiments; Conducting Market Potential Studies; Conducting Audits; Conducting Economic Studies; Evaluating Markets; Forecasting Sales; Preparing Internal Publications and Handbooks; Preparing Feasibility Studies; Conducting Basic Research; Communicating FOR THE BUSINESS TO ACHIEVE ITS MARKETING OBJECTIVES (OBJECTIVES) Designing and Installing Plant Engineering Production Process Locating and Evaluating Plant Site Tooling To Produce on Time Determining Inventory Requirements Handling Materials Purchasing and Expediting Keeping Stock To get Orders Prompting and Responding to Sales Inquiries Preparing Specifications and Negotiating Pricing and Quoting To Produce at Cost TO ACCOMPLISH ITS MISSION (MISSION) OF MAXIMIZING RETURNS. Balancing Production Developing Maintenance Systems Improving Methods Installing Cost Reduction Programs To fulfil Orders Estimating Production Costs Scheduling Work and Routing Dispatching Work Fulfilling Freight Operations To Produce at Quality Developing Quality Standards Developing Quality Control Procedures Designing Product Services Departments TO GET AND FULFILL ORDERS (TRANSACTIONS) FOR BUILDING THE BUSINESS (MARKETING & PRODUCTION) CAPABILITIES (CAPABILITIES)