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DNA

Understand the DNA central dogma symbols, codons, and transcription process, including meanings of 3-letter codons and the binding of RNA polymerase during transcription. Learn about tRNA translation, E. coli dUTPase, and the lac operon regulatory gene.

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DNA

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  1. DNA

  2. DNA is read from 5’ end

  3. DNA close up

  4. Central Dogma

  5. Symbol 3-letter Meaning Codons ------ -------- ------- ------ A Ala Alanine GCT,GCC,GCA,GCG C Cys Cysteine TGT,TGC D Asp Aspartic GAT,GAC E Glu Glutamic GAA,GAG F Phe Phenylalanine TTT,TTC G Gly Glycine GGT,GGC,GGA,GGG H His Histidine CAT,CAC I Ile Isoleucine ATT,ATC,ATA K Lys Lysine AAA,AAG L Leu Leucine TTG,TTA,CTT,CTC,CTA,CTG M Met Methionine ATG N Asn Asparagine AAT,AAC P Pro Proline CCT,CCC,CCA,CCG Q Gln Glutamine CAA,CAG R Arg Arginine CGT,CGC,CGA,CGG,AGA,AGG S Ser Serine TCT,TCC,TCA,TCG,AGT,AGC T Thr Threonine ACT,ACC,ACA,ACG V Val Valine GTT,GTC,GTA,GTG W Trp Tryptophan TGG X Xxx Unknown Y Tyr Tyrosine TAT, TAC * End Terminator TAA,TAG,TGA

  6. Binding of RNA polymerase at start of transcription

  7. Transcription

  8. Transcription (con’t)

  9. Transcription complete

  10. tRNA

  11. Translation

  12. E. coli dUTPase MKKIDVKILDPRVGKEFPLPTYATSGSAGLDLRACLNDAVELAPGDTTLVPTGLA IHIADPSLAAMMLPRSGLGHKHGIVLGNLVGLIDSDYQGQLMISVWNRGQDSFTI QPGERIAQMIFVPVVQAEFNLVEDFDATDRGEGGFGHSGRQ 1 atgaaaaaaa tcgacgttaa gattctggac ccgcgcgttg ggaaggaatt tccgctcccg 61 acttatgcca cctctggctc tgccggactt gacctgcgtg cctgtctcaa cgacgccgta 121 gaactggctc cgggtgacac tacgctggtt ccgaccgggc tggcgattca tattgccgat 181 ccttcactgg cggcaatgat gctgccgcgc tccggattgg gacataagca cggtatcgtg 241 cttggtaacc tggtaggatt gatcgattct gactatcagg gccagttgat gatttccgtg 301 tggaaccgtg gtcaggacag cttcaccatt caacctggcg aacgcatcgc ccagatgatt 361 tttgttccgg tagtacaggc tgaatttaat ctggtggaag atttcgacgc caccgaccgc 421 ggtgaaggcg gctttggtca ctctggtcgt cagtaa

  13. Polysomal translation

  14. lac operon

  15. Regulatory gene, i, codes for repressor protein

  16. Can also have enhancers

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