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Evidence Base Camp: Day 2

Evidence Base Camp: Day 2. Practical Group Sessions Patricia Hughes – National Police Library Julia Wire – Research Unit. What interventions have been shown to be effective in tackling barriers to career progression experienced by under-represented groups?. Research question.

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Evidence Base Camp: Day 2

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  1. Evidence Base Camp: Day 2 Practical Group Sessions Patricia Hughes – National Police Library Julia Wire – Research Unit

  2. What interventions have been shown to be effective in tackling barriers to career progression experienced by under-represented groups? Research question

  3. Practical session Walk through of an example search Develop search terms for our question area Look at each ‘tier’ of our search in turn Run search of combined terms Session Outline

  4. Recap

  5. Draft search terms/run searches Draft sift criteria Sift received abstracts Request full papers Read and ‘grade’ papers Write it up (‘synthesis’) The process (in a nutshell)

  6. Search terms are hugely important • Today’s session will really focus on our search terms and their impacts. • Librarians and Researchers to help run live pilot searches • Group work to build our search terms

  7. The Basics Boolean operators • Boolean is a powerful tool and can be used to create quite complex searches. The standard Boolean operators are: • AND • OR • NOT (or AND NOT) (advanced users only!) • Boolean is most effective when used in combination with: • PARENTHESES (round brackets) • TRUNCATION e.g. politic* • WILDCARDS e.g. randomi?e • DOUBLE QUOTES for specific phrases

  8. Practical example of searching -What works in preventing residential burglary?

  9. Creating a search stringexample of domestic violence

  10. Creating a Search String • String should be based around the research question: • What works in the policing of public order? • How can we reducerecidivism amongst sexual offenders? • Each key aspect identified will then make up one Tier of the search. • The tiers will then be combined to create the complete search string.

  11. Tiers • There are often three tiers, but there can be as many or as few as the search requires. • The standard way to create tiers is create lists of synonyms within a table, eg.

  12. Tier 1. Domestic violence / Domestic abuse This is the main area of the search. Domestic violence example Q: What are the risks/ predictive factors associated with domestic violence/ abuse? Tier 2. Risk factors/ predictive factors • These terms interact with the main subject of the search. Tier 3. Effectiveness / What works • We want to capture evidence that is evaluative, rather than commentary. Tier 4. Policing (?) • We may want to limit our search to factors for the police and policing, or we might decide we are interested in factors identified from healthcare or other potential partners.

  13. Building our search string using synonyms Q: What are the risks/ predictive factors associated with domestic violence/ abuse?

  14. Turning synonyms into search terms ((Domestic OR Physical OR Emotional OR Familial OR Marital OR Spousal) AND (Abus* OR violen* OR control* OR behav*)) OR Coerc* OR “domestic homicide” OR “marital rape” OR “intimate partner violence” OR “repeat victim*” OR “women’s refuge” C. 197,000 results 11:30 - break

  15. What interventions have been shown to be effective in tackling barriers to career progression experienced by under-represented groups? Research question • under-represented groups • career progression • barriers • interventions • effective/What Works

  16. Factors in our question • Tier 1 – under-represented groups • Tier 2 – career progression • Tier 3 – barriers • Tier 4 – interventions • Tier 5 – effective/What Works

  17. BME Black Minority Ethnic Inequality Exclusion Multiculturalism Misrepresented Insufficiently represented Inadequately represented Disadvantaged groups Protect characteristic groups Tier 1 Synonyms – under-represented groups • Hard to reach • Diversity • Hard to hear • Marginalised • Social exclusion • LGBT • Lesbian • Gay • Bisexual • Transgender • Disempowered • Transvestite

  18. Tier 1 Synonyms – under-represented groups Tokenism Women Gender Sex Disability Impairment Race GRT Gypsy Roman Travellers Age Deprivation Religion Faith • Nationality • Belief • Maternity • Pregnancy • Flexible working • Marriage • Civil partnership • Majority • Dominance • Over represented • Class

  19. Afternoon session starts at 13:15 12:30 Lunch

  20. Tier 1 - Version 1 - ProQuest • (BME OR Black OR minority OR ethnic OR inequality OR exclusion OR multiculturalism OR misrepresented OR “insufficiently represented” OR “inadequately represented” OR “disadvantaged groups” OR “protect characteristic groups “ OR “hard to reach” OR diversity OR “hard to hear” OR marginalised OR “social exclusion” OR LGBT or lesbian OR gay OR bisexual OR transgender OR disempowered OR transvestite OR tokenism OR women OR gender OR sex OR disability OR impairment OR race OR GRT OR “gypsy roman travellers” OR age OR deprivation OR religion OR faith OR nationality OR belief OR maternity OR pregnancy OR “flexible working” OR marriage OR “civil partnership” OR majority OR dominance OR “over represented” OR class OR Asian OR civilian OR “support staff”) • 2.7 million

  21. Tier 1 - Version 2 - ProQuest • BME OR Black OR minorit* OR ethnic* OR inequalit* OR equalit* OR exclusion OR exclude* OR cultur* OR (represented AND (over OR under OR mis* OR inadequat* OR insufficient*)) OR “disadvantaged group*” OR “protected characteristic group*” OR “hard to reach” OR diversity OR “hard to hear” OR marginali?e* OR “social exclusion” OR LGBT or lesbian* OR gay* OR bisexual* OR transgender OR “sexual orientation” OR disempower* OR transvestite* OR tokenism OR women OR gender OR female* OR sex OR disability OR impairment OR race OR GRT OR “gypsy romany traveller*” OR gyps* OR traveller* OR age OR depriv* OR religion* OR faith* OR national* OR belief* OR maternity OR pregnancy OR “flexible working” OR “civil partnership” OR dominan* OR class OR Asian* OR civilian* OR “support staff” • 3.8 million

  22. Tier 1 - Version 3 - ProQuest • BME OR Black OR minorit* OR ethnic* OR inequalit* OR equalit* OR exclusion OR exclude* OR cultur* OR (represented AND (over OR under OR inadequat* OR insufficient*)) OR “disadvantaged group*” OR “protected characteristic group*” OR diversity OR marginali?e* OR “social exclusion” OR LGBT or lesbian* OR gay* OR bisexual* OR transgender OR “sexual orientation” OR disempower* OR transvestite* OR tokenism OR women OR gender OR female* OR disability OR impairment OR race OR GRT OR “gypsy romany traveller*” OR gyps* OR traveller* OR age OR depriv* OR religion* OR faith* OR national* OR belief* OR maternity OR pregnancy OR “flexible working” OR “civil partnership” OR dominan* OR class OR Asian* OR civilian* OR “support staff” • 3.7 MILLION

  23. Tier 1 - Version 3 - ProQuest • BME OR Black OR minorit* OR ethnic* OR inequalit* OR equalit* OR exclusion OR exclude* OR (represented AND (over OR under OR inadequat* OR insufficient*)) OR “disadvantaged group*” OR “protected characteristic group*” OR diversity OR marginali?e* OR “social exclusion” OR LGBT or lesbian* OR gay* OR bisexual* OR transgender OR “sexual orientation” OR disempower* OR transvestite* OR tokenism OR women OR gender OR female* OR disability OR impairment OR race OR GRT OR “gypsy romany traveller*” OR gyps* OR traveller* OR age OR depriv* OR religion* OR faith* OR national* OR belief* OR maternity OR pregnancy OR “flexible working” OR “civil partnership” OR dominan* OR class OR Asian* OR civilian* OR “support staff” • 3.3 MILLION

  24. Tier 2 Synonyms – career progression Career “reward and benefit” Pathway* Work* Organisation Employment Vocation Job* “human resources” Role* Pay Remuneration salary Progression mobility Advanc* “personal development” Promot* “professional development” Development “lateral development” Opportunit* Senior* Retention Leadership* Upwards Success Recruitment Selection Specialisation Rank

  25. Tier 2 - Version 1 - ProQuest (Career* OR pathway* OR work* OR organi?ation* OR employment OR vocation* OR job* OR “human resources” OR role* OR pay OR remuneration OR salary or “Reward* and benefit*”) AND (Progress* OR advanc* OR promot* OR develop* OR ((personal OR professional OR lateral) AND development) OR opportunit* OR senior* OR leader* OR success* OR recruit* OR selection OR speciali* OR rank OR mobility OR retention OR upwards) 1.2 MILLION

  26. Tier 2 - Version 2 - ProQuest • (Career* OR pathway* OR work* OR organi?ation* OR employment OR vocation* OR job* OR “human resources” OR pay OR remuneration OR salary or “Reward* and benefit*”) AND (Progress* OR advanc* OR promot* OR develop* OR ((personal OR professional OR lateral) AND development) OR opportunit* OR senior* OR leader* OR success* OR recruit* OR selection OR speciali* OR rank OR mobility OR retention OR upwards) • 981000

  27. Tier 2 - Version 3 - ProQuest • (Career* OR employment OR vocation* OR job* OR pay OR remuneration OR salary) AND (Progress* OR advanc* OR promot* OR ((personal OR professional OR lateral) AND development) OR opportunit* OR senior* OR leader* OR success* OR recruit* OR selection OR speciali* OR rank OR mobility OR retention OR upwards OR ladder OR “continuous improvement”) • Approximate number of hits

  28. Tier 2 - Version 4 - ProQuest • (Career* OR employment OR vocation* OR job* OR remuneration OR salary) AND (Progress* OR advanc* OR promot* OR ((personal OR professional OR lateral) AND development) OR opportunit* OR senior* OR leader* OR success* OR selection OR speciali* OR rank OR mobility OR retention OR upwards OR ladder OR “continuous improvement”) • 203000

  29. Tier 3 Synonyms – barriers barriers • barriers

  30. Tier 3 - Version 1 - ProQuest • Obstacle* OR barrier* OR hurdle* OR wall* OR block* OR “glass ceiling” OR obstruction* OR hindrance* • 254000

  31. Tactic Intervention Strategy Initiative Procedure Approach Tier 4 Synonyms – interventions

  32. Systematic Review Literature review Trial RCT Experiment Evaluat Best Practice Tier 5 Synonyms – What Works • Good practice • Effective • Assess • What works • Impact • Success (Tier 6 – POLICING...)?

  33. Initial merging of terms • Version _ of Tier 1 + Version _ of Tier 2 = • c. records • + Tier 3 = c. records • + Tier 4 = c. Records • + Tier 5 = c.1441 • Issues/ questions/ queries • What surprised you, etc.

  34. Shows the value of systematically searching Shows the impact of having multiple tiers in our searches Gives us an idea of the number of articles that might be relevant to our research question… At the next evidence base camp we will sift through the abstracts based on inclusion/ exclusion criteria to identify the full papers to request for the review. www.college.police.uk/library library@college.pnn.police.uk This exercise

  35. intervention* OR tactic* OR strateg* OR initiative* OR procedure* or approach* “systematic review” OR “literature review*” OR trial* OR “RCT” OR experiment* OR evaluat* OR “best practice*” OR “good practice*” OR effective* OR assess* OR “What Works” OR impact* OR success* police OR policing OR "law enforcement" Usual Synonyms

  36. ethnic* OR race OR racial OR minorit* OR gender OR women OR black OR diversity OR equality OR "under-represented" progress* OR selection OR lead* OR promot* OR advance* Back-up Synonyms

  37. Back-up Search • (ti(ethnic* OR race OR racial OR minorit* OR gender OR women OR black OR diversity OR equality OR "under-represented") OR ab(ethnic* OR race OR racial OR minorit* OR gender OR women OR black OR diversity OR equality OR "under-represented")) AND (ti((progress* OR selection OR lead* OR promot* OR advance*) AND (career* OR job* OR work*)) OR ab((progress* OR selection OR lead* OR promot* OR advance*) AND (career* OR job* OR work*))) AND (ti(intervention* OR tactic* OR strateg* OR initiative* OR procedure* or approach*) OR ab(intervention* OR tactic* OR strateg* OR initiative* OR procedure* or approach*)) AND (ti(“systematic review” OR “literature review*” OR trial* OR “RCT” OR experiment* OR evaluat* OR “best practice*” OR “good practice*" OR effective* OR assess* OR "What Works" OR impact* OR success*) OR ab(“systematic review” OR “literature review*” OR trial* OR “RCT” OR experiment* OR evaluat* OR “best practice*” OR “good practice*" OR effective* OR assess* OR "What Works" OR impact* OR success*)) AND (ti(barrier* OR obstacle*) OR ab(barrier* OR obstacle*)) = 751 results

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