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CHAPTER 13 – GENETIC ENGINEERING TEST REVIEW

CHAPTER 13 – GENETIC ENGINEERING TEST REVIEW. What type of organisms have been produced by selective breeding ?. DOGS, CATS, HORSES. Selective breeding produces ____. DESIRED TRAITS.

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CHAPTER 13 – GENETIC ENGINEERING TEST REVIEW

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  1. CHAPTER 13 – GENETIC ENGINEERING TEST REVIEW

  2. What type of organisms have been produced by selective breeding? DOGS, CATS, HORSES

  3. Selective breeding produces ____. DESIRED TRAITS

  4. What type of genetic technology is most likely to bring together two recessive alleles for a genetic defect? INBREEDING

  5. The crossing of buffalo and cattle to produce beefalo is an example of ______. HYBRIDIZATION

  6. What is the ultimate source of genetic variability? MUTATIONS

  7. Polyploidy instantly results in a new plant species because it ___. CHANGES A SPECIES’ CHROMOSOME NUMBER PRODUCES A HARDIER SPECIES. 3. CAUSES MUTATIONS

  8. One function of gel electrophoresis is to ___. SEPARATE DNA FRAGMENTS

  9. The process of making changes in the DNA code of a living organism is called ___ GENETIC ENGINEERING

  10. Knowing the sequence of an organism’s DNA allows researchers to ____. STUDY SPECIFIC GENES

  11. What kind of technique do scientists use to make transgenic organisms? GENETIC ENGINEERING

  12. What is an advantage of using transgenic bacteria to produce human proteins? CAN PRODUCE HUMAN PROTEINS IN LARGE AMOUNTS

  13. What has been an advantage of producing transgenic plants? INCREASING THE FOOD SUPPLY

  14. The Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut cloned a______. SHEEP

  15. What does Figure 13–1 show? Figure 13-1 RESTRICTION ENZYME PRODUCING DNA FRAGMENT

  16. In Figure 13–1, between which nucleotides is the DNA cut? Figure 13-1 ADENINE & GUANINE

  17. People have used ______to produce many different dog breeds. SELECTIVE BREEDING

  18. Without selective breeding, dogs today would probably be _____ similar. LESS

  19. Hybrids are often _____than either of their parents. HARDIER

  20. Animal breeders maintain cat and dog breeds by the process of ___________. SELECTIVE BREEDING

  21. A polyploid plant has more than two copies of each _____. GENE

  22. To transform a plant, scientists inject DNA into _____. CELL

  23. To produce a recombinant plasmid, the plasmid and the foreign DNA are cut with ________ restriction enzyme. THE SAME

  24. Scientists use ________to determine which animal cells have been successfully transformed. GENETIC MARKERS

  25. Bacterial cells that have been transformed with a plasmid that carries a genetic marker for resistance to the antibiotic tetracycline _______ survive in a culture treated with tetracycline. WILL

  26. To produce Dolly, Ian Wilmut removed the nucleus from a sheep’s _____cell and fused it with a cell taken from another adult. EGG CELL

  27. Humans use selective breeding to pass desired ____ on to the next generation of organisms. TRAITS

  28. ____ is the technique of selective breeding that has led to deformities in certain dog breeds. INBREEDING

  29. To produce a fruit that has some characteristics of an orange and some of a grapefruit, you would use the selective breeding technique of ____. HYBRIDIZATION

  30. Eliminating an undesirable trait from a dog breed would probably require the technique of selective breeding called ___. HYBRIDIZATION

  31. Scientists use radiation and chemicals to induce______. MUTATIONS

  32. The mutations that breeders induce in organisms are passed on to the organisms’ ___. OFFSPRING

  33. A DNA sample will form a single band on an electrophoresis gel if all the fragments are the same _______. LENGTH

  34. The process of polymerase chain reaction is similar to the process of ____, which occurs in cells. MITOSIS

  35. Some plasmids have genetic markers that make them resistant to _____. ANTIBIOTICS

  36. Dolly is not a transgenic animal because all of her genes are from the ___ kind of organism. SAME

  37. In Figure 13–2, what do the bands shown in B consist of? Figure 13–2 DNA FRAGMENTS

  38. Which group of bands in Figure 13–2 moved faster? Figure 13–2 D

  39. What is occurring in A in Figure 13–2? Figure 13–2 DNA IS BEING PIPETTED INTO THE GEL BED

  40. In Figure 13–2, why are the bands in B moving toward the positive end of the gel? Figure 13–2 DNA IS NEGATIVELY CHARGED

  41. In what ways has selective breeding been useful to humans today and in the past? BE ABLE TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION.

  42. Explain an advantage and a disadvantage of inbreeding. BE ABLE TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION.

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