Immigrants and Urbanization

1. CHAPTER Immigrants and Urbanization 15 Overview Time Lines 1 The New Immigrants SECTION 2 The Problems of Urbanization SECTION 3 The Emergence of the Political Machine SECTION 4 Politics in the Gilded Age SECTION Chapter Assessment Transparencies

2. THEMES IN CHAPTER 15 Immigration and Migration Cultural Diversity The American Dream CHAPTER Immigrants and Urbanization 15 HOME “We cannot all live in the city, yet nearly all seem determined to do so.” Horace Greeley, writer

3. What do you know? • Why do you think “immigrants” and “urbanization” are linked together in the title of this chapter? Read the quote above and answer the following: • What does Horace Greeley’s statement mean? • What problems might new immigrants face? CHAPTER Immigrants and Urbanization 15 HOME “We cannot all live in the city, yet nearly all seem determined to do so.” Horace Greeley, writer

4. 1871Boss Tweed is indicted for fraud and forgery. 1886Statue of Liberty is dedicated. 1890Immigration soars for Europeans. 1897First electric subway is opened in Boston. 1898Hawaii is annexed by United States. 1903 Wright Brothers make first successful airplane flight. 1900Tenements abound in New York City. CHAPTER Time Line 15 HOME The United States

5. 1871Otto von Bismarck unifies the new German Empire. 1876Porfirio Díaz seizes power in Mexico. 1886Gold is discovered in South Africa. 1895X-rays are discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen. 1901Commonwealth of Australia is created. 1912Qing dynasty in China is overthrown. 1914Panama Canal opens. CHAPTER Time Line 15 HOME The World

6. Learn About why people emigrate and the challenges they face. To Understand the impact of immigration on the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. SECTION 1 The New Immigrants HOME

7. SECTION 1 The New Immigrants HOME Key Idea New immigrants from southern and eastern Europe, Asia, the Caribbean, and Mexico face culture shock and prejudice–as well as the opportunity for a better life–in the United States.

8. Causes Effect SECTION 1 The New Immigrants HOME 1 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were some of the causes for the effects listed below? 1.Poverty 2. Religious persecution 3. Shortage of agricultural land 4. Lack of industrial jobs 5. Spirit of reform Immigrants leave their home countries 1. New, unfamiliar culture 2. Harsh interrogation and detention 3. Prejudice and discrimination 4. Problems of urban life 5. Culture shock Immigrants face hardships in the United States 1. Growing immigration 2. Suspicion and fear of differences 3. Religious intolerance 4. Racial prejudice 5. Economic depression Some nativists want to restrict immigration

9. FORMING OPINIONS Which group of immigrants faced the greatest challenges settling in the United States? Why? THINK ABOUT • the difficulties of travel to the United States • where the immigrants settled • the opportunities open to each immigrant group SECTION 1 The New Immigrants HOME 1 Section Assessment

10. SYNTHESIZING What arguments can you make against nativism and anti-immigrant feeling? THINK ABOUT • the personal qualities of immigrants • the reasons for anti-immigrant feeling • the contributions of immigrants to the United States SECTION 1 The New Immigrants HOME 1 Section Assessment

11. Learn About the rapid growth of American cities in the late 1800s and early 1900s. To Understand the promise and problems of urbanization. SECTION 2 The Problems of Urbanization HOME

12. SECTION 2 The Problems of Urbanization HOME Key Idea The rapid growth of cities creates many problems: how to provide adequate housing, transportation, water, and sanitation, and how to fight fire and crime. The search for solutions begins.

13. Sewer lines Dumbbell tenements Subways Inadequate Transportation Inadequate Housing New streetcar lines Sanitation departments Row houses Poor Sanitation SECTION 2 The Problems of Urbanization HOME 2 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What were some attempts to solve certain urban problems? SOLUTIONS TO URBAN PROBLEMS

14. RECOGNIZING EFFECTS What effects did the migration from rural areas to the cities in the late 19th century have on urban society? THINK ABOUT • the reasons people moved to cities • the problems caused by rapid urban growth • the impact of urban growth on rural areas SECTION 2 The Problems of Urbanization HOME 2 Section Assessment

15. EVALUATING Do you think the Social Gospel reformers and those who started settlement houses had realistic goals? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT • the motives of the reformers • the types of reforms they supported • the impact of their reforms SECTION 2 The Problems of Urbanization HOME 2 Section Assessment

16. Learn About the emergence of political machines in American cities in the 19th century. To Understand the role that politics played in shaping urban life. SECTION 3 The Emergence of the Political Machine HOME

17. SECTION 3 The Emergence of the Political Machine HOME Key Idea The political machine emerges as cities attempt to deal with the problems of rapid urbanization.

18. POLITICAL MACHINES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Provided people with jobs Provided public services Helped immigrants become citizens SECTION 3 The Emergence of the Political Machine HOME 3 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING What are three advantages and disadvantages of political machines? Engaged in election fraud Collected kickbacks Controlled the police

19. GENERALIZING Read the quotation from James Pendergast in the book. Explain whether you agree or disagree that machine politicians did not coerce people. THINK ABOUT • the types of power exerted by political machines • the consequences of failing to support the machine • the ways citizens in a democracy can influence the government SECTION 3 The Emergence of the Political Machine HOME 33 Section Assessment

20. ANALYZING CAUSES Why do you think corruption such as that practiced by the Tweed Ring was able to flourish in the late 19th century? THINK ABOUT • the trends in business during that era • the problems faced by cities • the way machine politicians won the support of voters SECTION 3 The Emergence of the Political Machine HOME 3 Section Assessment

21. Learn About the national effects of political corruption in the late 19th century. To Understand why Americans wanted reform. SECTION 4 Politics in the Gilded Age HOME

22. SECTION 4 Politics in the Gilded Age HOME Key Idea Local and national political corruption during the Gilded Age leads to a call for reform.

23. Leader Position Stand President (1877-1881) New York Senator President (1881-1885) President (1885-1889, 1893-1897) President (1889-1893) SECTION 4 Politics in the Gilded Age HOME 4 Section Assessment SUMMARIZING List the positions held by the following leaders and list their stands on civil service reform or tariffs. Supported civil service reform Rutherford B. Hayes Roscoe Conkling Against civil service reform Chester A. Arthur Supported Pendleton Act Supported lower tariffs Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison Supported higher tariffs

24. HYPOTHESIZING How do you think politics in the United States would have been different if the Pendleton Act had not been passed? THINK ABOUT • the act’s impact on federal workers • the act’s impact on political fundraising • conflicts within the Republican party at the time SECTION 4 Politics in the Gilded Age HOME 4 Section Assessment

25. FORMING AN OPINION If you had been running for Congress in 1892, would you have supported a reduction in tariffs? Why or why not? THINK ABOUT • the needs of voters in your state • the economic impact of reducing tariffs • the social consequences of a reduction in tariffs SECTION 4 Politics in the Gilded Age HOME 4 Section Assessment

26. 15 Chapter Assessment HOME 1. What trends or events in other countries prompted people to move to the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? 2. What difficulties did many of these new immigrants face? 3. Why did cities in the United States grow rapidly in the decades following the Civil War? 4. What problems did this rapid growth pose for cities? 5. What solutions to urban problems did supporters of the Social Gospel propose?

27. 15 Chapter Assessment HOME 6. Why did machine politics become common in big cities in the late 19th century? 7. How was Boss Tweed similar to and different from other big city bosses? 8. What government problems arose as a result of the spoils system? 9. What effects did the Pendleton Act have on the running of the federal government? 10. Summarize the views of Grover Cleveland and Benjamin Harrison on tariffs.