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WHI- SOL Review Unit 3

WHI- SOL Review Unit 3. Unit 3: SOL 6 Rome. Geography of Rome. Italian Peninsula (boot) Center of the Mediterranean Basin. Alps (protection- North) Mediterranean Sea. Government in the Republic. Social Structure Patricians (rich) Plebeians (ordinary) Slaves (not based on race).

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WHI- SOL Review Unit 3

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  1. WHI- SOL ReviewUnit 3 Unit 3: SOL 6 Rome

  2. Geography of Rome • Italian Peninsula (boot) • Center of the Mediterranean Basin • Alps (protection- North) • Mediterranean Sea

  3. Government in the Republic • Social Structure • Patricians (rich) • Plebeians (ordinary) • Slaves (not based on race) • Citizenship • Only Patrician & Plebeian MEN • Selected foreigners • Which ones were selected? • Rights: taxes, military service, voting

  4. Features of Roman Democracy • Representative Democracy (Republic) • Assemblies • The Senate • Consuls • Laws of Rome = Twelve Tables Women, aliens, and slavesdidn’t have rights in the Republic, but Rome still made strides in helping to create modern democracy

  5. Punic Wars: 264 – 146 BC • Rome v. Carthage • Fought over Trade • Hannibal = General from Carthage. Invaded Italy by riding on elephants through the Alps. (2nd) • 3 wars = Ended in the destruction of Carthage. Rome WON!!!

  6. Spread of Rome & Creating an Empire • Controlled the Mediterranean Basin • Africa, Asia, Europe, Hellenistic (Greek) Eastern Mediterranean • Conquered western Europe (Gaul & British Isles) • Do you remember which General conquered Gaul? • Julius Caesar

  7. The End of the Republic The Roman Republic, in the face of changing social and economic conditions, succumbed to civil war and was replaced by an imperial regime, the Roman Empire. • Fall of the Republic • Spread of slavery in the agricultural system • Migration of small farmers into the cities & unemployment • Civil war over the power of Julius Caesar • Inflation • Creating an Imperial Regime • 1stTriumvirate (JCP) • Julius Caesar • 2nd Triumvirate (AOL) • Marc Anthony v. Octavian • Empire: had an emperor to control land with military authority • Problem: didn’t have a peaceful succession of emperors

  8. PaxRomana & Its Impact • Augustus Caesar established the Roman Empire by instituting civil service, rule by law a common coinage, and secure travel and trade throughout the Empire. Following Augustus Caesar, the Roman Empire enjoyed 200 years of peace & prosperity known as the PaxRomana.

  9. Augustus & the Pax Romana • Pax Romana • 200 yrs of peace & prosperity under imperial rule • Solidified Empire in Near East • Social Impacts: • Returned stability to the social classes • Increased emphasis on the family • Economic impacts: • Common coinage, expanded trade • Safe travel & trade on Romanroads • Political impacts: • Civil service • Rule of law

  10. Roman mythology • Religion of the Roman Republic • Polytheistic • Based on Greek mythology • Explained natural phenomena, human qualities & life events **Flip to page 33 to fill this section in • Gods & Goddesses • Jupiter, Juno, Apollo, Diana, Minerva, Venus, Mercury, Mars • Mainly have planet names

  11. ChristianityFollowers of Jesus spread it & eventually changed Western Civilization. • Origins: • Judaism • Jesus of Nazareth (Messiah) • Conflicted with polytheistic beliefs in the empire • Beliefs, Traditions & Customs: • Monotheism • Jesus = Son & Incarnation of god • Life after Death • New Testament • Church councils determined early doctrine

  12. Christianity… • Spread of Christianity • Popular message • Early martyrs inspired people • Martyr = Dies for their cause • Apostles, including Paul, spread it throughout the Empire • Church grew in power • Constantine converted to Christianity (CCC) • Edict of Milan • Official religion of the Empire • Became the moral authority • Loyalty to Church > loyalty to Emperor • Main unifying force of Western Europe

  13. Fall of the Roman Empire • Size: too big to handle • Economy: cost of defense & devaluation of currency • Military: Army started to include Non-Romans • Moral Decay: loss of faith in Rome & the family • Political: Civil war & weak leaders • Invasion: attacks on borders • Division of Roman Empire • Constantine moved capital to Byzantium (Constantinople) • West “fell” in 476 AD, while the East lived for another 1000 years • Eastern Roman Empire = the Byzantine Empire

  14. The Eastern & Western Empires

  15. Roman Contributions • Art/ Architecture: Pantheon, Coliseum, Forum • Technology/ Engineering: Roads, aqueducts, Roman arches, Concrete • Science: Ptolemy (geocentric theory of the universe) • Medicine: Emphasis on public health (public baths; public water system; medical schools) • Language: Latin, Romance languages • Literature: Virgil’s Aenid • Religion: Roman mythology; adoption of Christianity as the imperial religion • Law: The principle of “innocent until proven guilty” (from the Twelve Tables)

  16. Question time!Let’s see how you do. Questions based off of SOL 6

  17. Punic Wars ????????? Defeated Carthage Which of the following would best complete the chart? A. Expanded the power of the Roman Republic B. Expanded the power of the Roman Empire C. Expanded trade in the Roman Empire D. Scipio invaded the Italian Peninsula

  18. Which of the following is a cause for the decline of the Roman Republic? • Civil war over the power of Octavian Caesar • Amount of slaves in the agricultural system decreased • Amount of farm land worked by small farmers decreased • Roman army started to include barbarians, resulting in a lack of discipline

  19. Julius Caesar was assassinated on the “Ides of March” (March 15th), 44 BC. Why? • In a last-ditch effort to save the Roman Empire • In a last-ditch effort to save the Roman Republic • He was killed by the jealous husband of one of his lovers • His wife stabbed him to death for cheating on her

  20. - Jesus is both the savior and the son of God.-Monotheistic Which religion is being described above? A. Shintoism B. Judaism C. Christianity D. Islam

  21. “Christianity is proclaimed as a legal religion in this empire…All Christians have the right to openly worship without being harassed…” Which emperor would have said the quote above? A. Constantine B. Caligula C. Charlemagne D. Theodosius

  22. Who moved the capital of Rome to Byzantium? • Constantine • Diocletian • Charlemagne • Justinian

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