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Lecture #5 Static Web Documents

Lecture #5 Static Web Documents. Shimrit Tzur-David HAIT Summer 2005. HTML: HyperText Markup Language. HTML is a Markup Language It is used to write web pages: specify the role of different parts of the page and the style that should be used when displaying the page

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Lecture #5 Static Web Documents

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  1. Lecture #5Static Web Documents Shimrit Tzur-David HAIT Summer 2005

  2. HTML: HyperText Markup Language • HTML is a Markup Language • It is used to write web pages: specify the role of different parts of the page and the style that should be used when displaying the page • HTML gives authors the means to: • Publishonline documents with text, images, etc. • Retrieve online information via hypertext links • Design forms for conducting transactions with remote services, for searching for information, making reservations, ordering products, etc.

  3. A simple HTML page <html> <head><title>My First HTML Page</title></head> <body> <font color=“red”>Hello World Wide Web!</font> </body> </html>

  4. HTML contains text, separated by tags A simple HTML page – Cont. • Generally, tags come in pairs, an opening tag and a closing tag • Tags can have attributes, which have values <html> <head><title>My First HTML Page</title></head> <body><font color=“red”> Hello World Wide Web!</font></body> </html>

  5. Some General Rules • HTML page is surrounded by the html tag • 2 Basic parts: • Head: Consists of things that describe the document (e.g., title – shown on the browser bar) • Body: Consists of the content of the document <html> <head><title>My First HTML Page</title></head> <body><font color=“red”> Hello World Wide Web!</font></body> </html>

  6. Some More General Rules • Tags are not case sensitive (<head>, <HEAD>, <Head> are the same) • Whitespace in an html document is ignored • HTML files should end with .htm or .html • Your homepage should be in ~login/www and called index.html • In HTML, there is an exception to almost every rule!

  7. Entities • There are entities that replace special symbol: • Space: &nbsp; • <: &lt; • >: &gt; • &: &amp; Why are these entities defined?

  8. The Body of an HTML Page • Headings: <h1>, …, <h6> where h1 is the most important • Paragraphs: <p> (optional closing tag) • Line breaks: <br>(no closing tag) • Horizontal lines: <hr>(no closing tag) • Formatted text: bold <b>, italics <i>, underline <u> • Font colors and styles: <font color = “red” face=“Arial”>

  9. Another Example <html><head> <title>Example 2</title></head><!-- Here is a comment --> <body> <h1>This is an example of an HTML page</h1> <p>Here is<b>emphasized</b>text and there is also<i>italic</i>text here. <br>Here is a new line</p> <p>Is this<font color=“blue” face=“Arial”>easy</font>? <p><hr>And some parting words... Good Bye </body> </html>

  10. The Page

  11. <ol> <li>Item 1 <li>Item 2 <ul> <li>Inner list item <li> Another one </ul> <li>Item 3 </ol> Lists • Unordered lists: <ul> • Ordered lists: <ol> • List items: <li> (optional closing tag)

  12. Hyperlinks Basic form: <a href = “target-url”>text to be linked</a> Defining an anchor: <a href = “anchor_name”> text to anchor </a> Examples: • Complete Path <a href = “http://www.google.com”>Google</a> • Relative Path <a href = “assigments/ex1.html”>Exercise 1</a> • Relative Path to Anchor <a href = “assigments/ex1.html#submit”>To Submit</a> • Email <a href ="mailto:dbi@cs.huji.ac.il">Email</a>

  13. Images • Adding images to the page can be done using the img tag <img src=“monkey.gif” alt=“Picture of a monkey”> • An image can be used as a link <a href=“monkies.html”><img src=“monkey.gif” alt=“Picture of a monkey”></a> • What will happen when we click the image?

  14. Document Type Definitions • Since there are many standards for HTML, you should specify which one you are using. • Put a document type definition (DTD) as the first line of your file (before the html tag) • <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN“ > • <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN">

  15. Frames

  16. FrameSets • Instead of a “BODY”, the document has a “FRAMESET” element • Size and number of frames is determined by the attributes “COLS” and “ROWS” • Size can be given as a percent (50%) or number of pixels (70) or as “remaining size” (*)

  17. Frames • Within FRAMESET elements, there can be FRAMESETs, FRAMEs, and NOFRAMEs • A FRAME can have the attributes: • src=“url”: The url to be displayed in the frame • name=”window_name”: Name, used for targeting • scrolling=“yes|no|auto”: auto is default • In a NOFRAMES element put content for browsers that don’t support frame

  18. Example <html><head><title>Frames Example</title></head> <frameset cols=“20%,*”> <frameset rows=“200,*”> <frame name=“frame1” src=“merlin.gif”> <frame name=“frame2” src=“helloWorld.html”> </frameset> <frame name=“frame3” src=“http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~dbi/main.html”> <noframes> Here is a description of what you are missing since your browser doesn’t support frames. </noframes> </frameset> </html>

  19. Frames in Browser

  20. Links in Frames • In a link, the TARGET attribute can specify where the new page will be opened: • target=“frame-name” : in the specified frame • target=“_self” : in the frame where the link is • target=“_top” : in the same window over the whole screen • target-=“_blank” : in a new window of the navigator

  21. Forms

  22. Forms – Cont. • A form is surrounded by: <form method=“method_type” action=“url”> </form> • where: • method_type is GET or POST (more details when you learn about HTTP) • url is the location of the server that should get the form’s contents

  23. Form Widgets • Input tag, with attributes: • type: text/password/checkbox/radio/submit/reset • name: name of variable that widget defines (not needed for submit and reset widgets) • value: for text/password  default value, for checkbox/radio  value of the button when checked, submit/reset  label of button • checked: for checkbox/radio  means checked by default • size: for text/password  size in characters • maxlength: for text/password  maximum number of input characters

  24. Form Widgets Example <form method=“get” action="http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/~noplace"> Text:<input type="text" name="mytext"> <br> Password:<input type="password" name="mypassword"> <br> Checkbox 1:<input type="checkbox" name="mycheck1" value="1 check" checked="true" > Checkbox 2:<input type="checkbox" name="mycheck2" value="2 check"> <br> Option 1:<input type="radio" name="myradio" value="1 radio"> Option 2:<input type="radio" name="myradio" value="2 radio"> <br> <input type = "submit"> <input type = "reset"> </form>

  25. More Widgets • Select tag, with attributes • name: name of variable that widget defines • size: if size is > 1, then a listbox is displayed, otherwise a pop-down menu is displayed • multiple: if present, allow multiple selections (then, always displayed as listbox) • Within tag, option tags with the choices. Can have attribute selected, if selected by default • Textarea tag, with attributes • name: name of variable that widget defines • rows: height of text area • cols: width of text area

  26. Example <textarea name="mytext" rows="3" cols="20">Default text... </textarea><br> <select name="fruit" size="1"> <option> bananas <option> apples </select> <select name="vegetables" size="2"> <option> tomatoes <option> cucumbers <option> lettuce </select> <br>

  27. Tables <h1>Example of Using Tables</h1> <TABLE border="1"> <CAPTION><EM>A test table with merged cells</EM> </CAPTION> <TR><TH rowspan="2"></TH> <TH colspan="2">Average</TH> <TH rowspan="2">Red<BR>eyes</TH></TR> <TR><TH>height<TH>weight</TR> <TR><TH>Males</TH><TD>1.9</TD> <TD>0.003</TD><TD>40%</TD> <TR><TH>Females</TH><TD>1.7</TD> <TD>0.002</TD><TD>43%</TD></TR> </TABLE>

  28. Tables

  29. What are Style Sheets • A style sheet is a mechanism that allows to specify how HTML pages should look • Do we have style in simple HTML files? • For HTML files that do not have an explicit style, where is their style hidden? • A style sheet file!

  30. Why do we Need a Style Sheet? • Separates content from format • Consistent appearance over a site • Allows to easily change style • In one page • In a whole site • Increases the ability to handle style features

  31. A CSS Style Sheet • A file that ends with .css • Contains a list of style rules for HTML elements • Case insensitive • Comments are enclosed in /* */

  32. Simple Example <HTML> <HEAD><TITLE>Formatting style with CSS</TITLE></HEAD> <BODY> <IMG SRC="tomato.gif"> <H1>A joke</H1> <P> A mama tomato, a papa tomato and a baby tomato are walking down the street. The baby tomato keeps falling behind so the papa tomato goes back, steps on the baby tomato and says, ketchup ("Catch-up!"). </P> </BODY> </HTML>

  33. Simple Example – Cont.

  34. Style File: joke.css BODY { background-image: url("tomato1.gif"); background-attachment: fixed } H1 { background-color: rgb(100,150,100); /* green */ color: rgb(250, 200, 250) /* pink */ } P { background-color: yellow; color: purple; font-size: 200% }

  35. <HTML> <HEAD><TITLE>Formatting style with CSS</TITLE> <LINK rel="stylesheet" type="text/css” href=“joke.css“> </HEAD> <BODY> <IMG SRC="tomato.gif"> <H1>A joke</H1> <P> A mama tomato, a papa tomato and a baby tomato are walking down the street. The baby tomato keeps falling behind so the papa tomato goes back, steps on the baby tomato and says, ketchup ("Catch-up!"). </P> </BODY> </HTML>

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