Challenges to Pakistan contemporary times pak studies

1. Challenges to Pakistan contemporary times BSMC-2ND SEMESTER AFT PAKISTAN STUDIES

2. PRESENTED BY: HOORAIN RAZA IMRAH SAEED MUHAMMAD BAKHTYAR AHMED ABDUL MOEEZ

3. Challenges are further categorized

4. Comparison of two types of challenges Political challenges Social challenges Problems faced by the people or affect many people within a society. It is a group of common problems in present day that many people strive to solve. • A political issue is one that has to do with government or politics. • This may include issues related to party politics or a political system.

5. Social issues include: • Poverty • Literacy • Terrorism • Child labor Injustice • Drug abuse • Population growth • Discrimination among gender • injustice

6. Poverty: POVERTY IS A CURSE and our country is ranked among 43 countries most exposed. Poverty in PAKISTAN has historically higher in rural areas and lower in urban areas, as tradition is set for females that home is the only place for them so the female labour rate is exceptionally low in Pakistan. Here are some of the reasons for poverty Unemployment , literacy rate ,distrtibution of resources terrorism etc. EFFECTS OF POVERTY: • Diseases spread widely • Un-hygienic food and water in rural areas • Many infants born with mental and physical disabilities • No proper medication many die due to it • Poor families face much more stress • Financial issues • Illness , depression, job loss etc

7. Literacy Its mean ability to read and write . literacy ratio of females is low as compare to men. Problems in education: Education system is based on equal lines Regional disparity Ratio of gender discrimination Lack of technical education Funds Untrained teachers

8. Continue.. Effects of literacy: • it increase drug and alcohol abuse in society • It decrease the rate of technological advancement in society • illiterate people cant vote • Increased illiteracy rates have ability to diminish society • Links to poor health • High unemployment rate • Leads to generational learning problems • Increase incarceration rates in society

9. Some solutions

10. Terrorism • Terrorism is the use or threatened use of force designed to bring about political change. Types of terrorism

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12. Prevention of terrorism

13. Child labour Any work which distract a child from their childhood which cause negative effect on mental and physical health. Child below the age of 18 is not meant to do work.

14. Causes of child labour: • Poverty • Uneducated society • Business advantages • Family expectations • Lack of moral values

15. Solutions .. • Awareness must be raised • Parents should pay attention to the education • Child labour laws should be strictly implemented • Free education • Parents should build strong relation with there children • Parents should keep an eye on their kids • Check and balance on their activities and friends

16. Drug abuse Introduction Causes effects treatments symptoms

17. . Drug abuse is the non permissive consumption of certain substances and may lead to physical and mental disability 6.7 million Pakistanis used drugs. It’s a complex problem thought to result from a combination of psychological and environmental factors

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19. Population growth: it refers to how the number of individual in a population increases with time Effects • Unemployment • Low grwth of agriculture • Low savings • High rate of inflation • Pollution • Backward social infrastructure • Circle of poverty • Low living standard Measures to control • Control birth rate • Late marraiges • High literacy rate • Women employment • Family planning • Increase in employment

20. INJUSTICE It is a quality relating to unfairness or undeserved outcomes. WHEN INJUSTICE OCCUR: When it occurs in a situation where the equals are treated unequally and the unequal is treated equally.

21. Impact of injustice • Violence • Selfishness • Corruption • No fear of state • Terrorism

22. Gender discrimination Gender equality is not a women issue it’s a human issue it affects us all

23. Gender inequality and gender discrimination Gender inequality is the circumstances where men and women are not treated equally. Gender refers to the role society assign people based on their sex . There are many kinds of gender discrimination : • Discrimination in education • Discrimination in employment • Equal pay discrimination

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25. Political issues • Energy crisis • Terrorism • Wealth Concentration • Corruption • Youth unemployment • Lack in quality education • Poor health facilities • Tax evasion • Lack of good governance

26. Economic and political problems • One of the mainstays of any country around the world for economic development is its existing reserves of the natural resources and assets base. • Pakistan has plenty of natural resources such as large reserves of oil and gas, great quantity of copper and ore deposits, in addition huge coal and salt pits, and gemstones. • manufacturing industries of textiles and clothing, steel fabricating, cotton ginning factories, sugarcane mills, sports goods and leather manufacturing etc • Pakistan also has vast tracts of agriculture land. • There is no doubt that Pakistan is a resource-rich country and possesses mineral fuels, manufactured goods and beverage and tobacco (13%). Moreover, the other resources include: food and live animals (11%), crude materials (11%), chemicals (11%), machinery (8%) and miscellaneous articles (8%). In addition, we have 175 billion tons of coal reserves • Despite being blessed with fertile agriculture land, abundance of minerals and sound industrial base, our economic development is not progressing as it should . The major challenges in achieving economic development.

27. Energy crisis • The constant leading power cut-off challenge has troubled the economy • Since the year 2000 this curse has wreaked havoc on the overall economy • Federal Minister for Water and Power Khawaja Muhammad Asif during a National Assembly session a few days ago that the power shortfall has exceeded up to 5,000MW • Until energy lingering crisis is not resolved the determined economic development is a far-off dream

28. Terrorism It is a huge stumbling-block for economic generation in Pakistan. Since 2002 we are a war-torn country. The State Bank of Pakistan report (2016) says that war on terrorism has cost $118 billion According to Global Terrorism Index (2016), out of 163 countries, Pakistan stands 4th worst hit This has long been a reason for Pakistan’s negative international image which has limited the foreign investment in the country.

29. Wealth concentration • In Pakistan wealth is concentered among a few rich families • Due to wealth concentration, around 35 percent people spend their lives under poverty line • According to Multidimensional Poverty Index (2016) 39 percent population of Pakistan lives in poverty, • which means that 4 out of 10 people in Pakistan live in poverty

30. Youth unemployment • We are blessed in having about 63 percent of youth population Half of them are unemployed. • According to Asian Development Bank (ADB) 50.7 percent of the population aged 15 years and above is employed. • The female ratio is very less • Pakistan needs to create 20 million job annually for young people alone.

31. Tax evasion: • Regressive tax system collects about 90 percent tax revenue from common men. • landlords, businessmen, politicians do not pay their due share of taxes. • They earn lot but pay less tax; on the other hand poor earn less but are taxed more • Each year billion rupees are evaded through tax havens established in foreign counties • The incidences of tax evasion have hampered Pakistan’s economic progress.

32. Lack in quality education Education is a key component for economic progress. Unfortunately, our current literacy is 60 percent, least in South Asian countries. 25 million children in are out of school. More importantly, on grass root level, thousands of schools are lacking very basic facilities such of sanitation, water, electricity, boundary walls etc

33. Poor health facilities • The public hospitals depict bleak pictures where we find lack of proper medicines, beds, equipment and etc. • absence of basic health facilities, 170 women die from pregnancy for every 100,000 birth • every 1,000 babies born, 66 die before their first birthday • . In addition, approximately 44 percent children in Pakistan are stunted • . Every day, due to malnutrition and poverty children are dying in Thar.

34. Lack of good governance • Pakistan suffers from a number of crises but the crisis of good governance is on top because it is the core of all other problems • . Our country is suffering from weak institutional set-up, political instability, rampant corruption, lack of accountability and transparency and bad law and order situation. • All these issues have seriously pushed off the country to an abysmal state of poor governance • Due to bad governance education, health, civic services, agricultural infrastructure are all in bad state • .Even the most basic social needs of citizens are not fulfilled. • Law and ordered situation is deteriorating and people are being robbed and killed in bright day light. People don’t feel safe and secure

35. Conclusion Pakistan and its people has alot of potential and we are blessed with a whole lot of natural resources If the government take appropriate steps and solve the crisis our country will progress government should provide job opportunities to the young generation and provide a platform to every single people in the country.