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Understanding Implicit vs. Explicit Attitudes: Insights and Implications

This text explores the distinction between implicit and explicit attitudes, underscoring how explicit attitudes stem from conscious thought, while implicit attitudes arise from unconscious associations. Key methods for measuring implicit self-esteem, such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the name-letter test, are discussed. A study reveals that repeated pairing of self-relevant words with positive stimuli can enhance implicit self-esteem. Additionally, the influence of priming on perceptions of self and social closeness is examined, highlighting the effects of "I" vs. "We" primes in shaping attitudes and social relationships.

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Understanding Implicit vs. Explicit Attitudes: Insights and Implications

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  1. The Implicit Self

  2. Implicit vs. Explicit Attitudes • Explicit attitudes are formed by consciously thinking about an issue. Thus, we are consciously aware of these attitudes. • Implicit attitudes are formed through associations (conditioning). Thus, we are often unaware of these attitudes.

  3. Implicit Self-Esteem Measures: • Implicit Association Test (IAT) • Name letter test

  4. Increasing implicit SE through conditioning (Baccus et al., 2004) • Experimental group: Repeated pairing of self-relevant words and approving faces. • Control group: Random pairing of words with faces. • Results: At end of experiment • Exp group had higher implicit SE • Exp group/High explicit SE led to less aggressive thoughts.

  5. Implicit Activation of Independent vs. Interdependent Self • Judgments of similarity • “We” primes lead to inc. similarity perceptions. • Social comparison effects • “I” primes lead to contrast • “We” primes lead to assimilation • Interpersonal closeness • “We” primes lead to increased closeness

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