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Structured Research Guide for Curious Minds

Learn the importance of structured research over casual observations in psychology, including forming hypotheses, testing, analyzing results, and drawing conclusions. Example questions and experiments provided.

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Structured Research Guide for Curious Minds

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Presentation Transcript

  1. The Need For Research

  2. Draw the back of a dollar bill.No cheating!

  3. How’d you do?

  4. Which three letters are usually on the #5 button on a phone?Again, don’t check your own phones!

  5. How’d you do?

  6. Some pencils are cylindrical, and others have multiple sides. How many sides do they have?

  7. How’d you do? CORRECT ANSWER: SIX

  8. Which direction does Lincoln face on the penny?

  9. How’d you do?

  10. In which hand does the Statue of Liberty hold her torch?

  11. How’d you do?

  12. Casual Observation • Each of these were examples of casual observations • Casual observation= perceiving a stimulus without giving it meaning • Since we don’t do well with casual observations we need structure and guidelines or…… systematic research

  13. Conducting Research • Psychologists will make assumptions about behaviors they observe • In order to test those assumptions, they use a scientific procedure

  14. Forming a Question • Observe a behavior and wonder why it happens the way it does • Form a question about your curiosities Example: • Why do Beta fish fight when in the same tank?

  15. Forming a Hypothesis • Brainstorm a logical answer to your question • Create your own explanation for why the behavior occurs • Stated in “If-Then” format Example: • If Beta fish are aggressive, then they will attack each other.

  16. Testing the Hypothesis • Design an experiment to find an answer to your question and to prove or disprove your hypothesis • Decide what is needed to test the hypothesis • Gather information • Examine information Example: • Place mirror by fish to see if it tries to attack • Observe its behavior

  17. Analyze the Results • Ask what your findings mean • Did you collect enough information? Should you perform the test again? Example: • Test multiple fish

  18. Draw Conclusions • Was your hypothesis correct? • If no, you might need to change your theories/beliefs • If yes, replicate Example: • If fish didn’t fight reflection, it does not necessarily disprove. Maybe it knew it was a reflection (can’t sense another fish)

  19. REPLICATE! • Even when studies are performed carefully with proper procedures, results could still b a random occurrence • In order for studies to be published, they must be repeated many times

  20. NOW YOU TRY!

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